Gesteira-Miñarro Roberto, López Gregorio, Palacios Rafael
Institute for Research in Technology, Comillas Pontifical University, 28015 Madrid, Spain.
Cybersecurity at MIT Sloan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Apr 20;25(8):2605. doi: 10.3390/s25082605.
The automotive industry has been a prime target for cybercriminals for decades, with attacks becoming more sophisticated as vehicles integrate advanced digital technologies. In response, new standards and regulations have been introduced, requiring manufacturers to implement robust cybersecurity measures to obtain necessary certifications. Modern vehicles have an extensive attack surface due to the increasing number of interconnected electronic components and wireless communication features. While new technologies improve connectivity, automation, and comfort, they also introduce new vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the attack surface of modern vehicles, focusing on the security risks associated with wireless communication technologies. Each technology is examined in detail, highlighting existing research, known vulnerabilities, and potential countermeasures. Furthermore, this study identifies key research gaps in the field, providing insights into critical areas that require further investigation. This work aims to guide future research efforts in order to enhance vehicle cybersecurity in the evolving landscape of smart, autonomous, and connected vehicles.
几十年来，汽车行业一直是网络犯罪分子的主要目标，随着车辆集成先进的数字技术，攻击手段也变得越来越复杂。作为回应，新的标准和法规已经出台，要求制造商实施强大的网络安全措施以获得必要的认证。由于互联电子部件和无线通信功能的数量不断增加，现代车辆具有广泛的攻击面。虽然新技术改善了连接性、自动化和舒适性，但它们也引入了新的漏洞，可能会被攻击者利用。本文对现代车辆的攻击面进行了全面分析，重点关注与无线通信技术相关的安全风险。对每种技术都进行了详细研究，突出了现有研究、已知漏洞和潜在的应对措施。此外，本研究还确定了该领域的关键研究空白，为需要进一步调查的关键领域提供了见解。这项工作旨在指导未来的研究工作，以便在智能、自动驾驶和联网汽车不断发展的格局中加强车辆网络安全。
