Shin Mirim, Carpenter Joanne S, Park Shin H, Janiszewski Connie, Tonini Emiliana, McKenna Sarah, Hindmarsh Gabrielle, Iorfino Frank, Nichles Alissa, Zmicerevska Natalia, Scott Elizabeth M, Smarr Benjamin L, Hickie Ian B, Crouse Jacob J
Youth Mental Health and Technology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
J Biol Rhythms. 2025 Jun;40(3):262-274. doi: 10.1177/07487304251328501. Epub 2025 Apr 26.
While circadian disruptions are common in some sub-groups of youth with mood disorders, skin temperature rhythms in these cohorts are understudied. We examined 24-h wrist skin temperature rhythms in youth with emerging mood disorders, exploring associations with clinical stage and proposed illness subtypes. Youth ( = 306, 23.42 ± 4.91 years, 65% females) accessing mental health care and 48 healthy controls (23.44 ± 3.38 years, 60% females) were examined. Skin temperature parameters including rhythm-adjusted mean temperature, inter-daily stability (day-to-day consistency), intra-daily variability (rhythm fragmentation), and peak temperature time were derived from a wearable sensor. Based on our illness trajectory-pathophysiology model, participants were classified by mood disorder subtypes ("hyperarousal-anxious" [ = 209], "neurodevelopmental-psychosis" [ = 40], or "circadian-bipolar spectrum" [ = 43]), as well as by clinical stage (subthreshold disorders classed as 1a or 1b [ = 47, 173, respectively], and full-threshold disorders as 2+ [ = 76]). Compared to controls, youth with mood disorders had delayed, less stable, and more variable skin temperature rhythms, indicated by lower rhythm-adjusted mean skin temperature (29.94 ± 0.10 °C vs 31.04 ± 0.25 °C, < 0.001), delayed peak timing (0533 ± 0014 vs 0332 ± 0036, = 0.002), reduced inter-daily stability ( = 0.009), and increased intra-daily variability ( = 0.020). Peak skin temperature also occurred later relative to sleep midpoint (0.31 ± 0.14 vs -0.48 ± 0.35 radians, = 0.037). The "circadian-bipolar spectrum" subtype exhibited lower relative amplitude (0.07 ± 0.005 vs 0.08 ± 0.002 [hyperarousal-anxious] and 0.09 ± 0.005 [neurodevelopmental-psychosis], = 0.039), with no delay in sleep midpoint. Clinical stages were not associated with differences in skin temperature parameters. These findings highlight the potential of use of 24-h skin temperature rhythms as a non-invasive biomarker of circadian disturbances in youth with emerging mood disorders. The observed disruptions in temperature patterns and rhythmicity support the notion that disrupted circadian rhythms may mediate the onset or illness course of some subgroups of youth with emerging major mood disorders.
虽然昼夜节律紊乱在患有情绪障碍的部分青年亚组中很常见，但这些人群的皮肤温度节律尚未得到充分研究。我们研究了患有新发情绪障碍的青年的24小时手腕皮肤温度节律，探讨其与临床阶段及拟诊疾病亚型的关联。研究对象包括接受心理健康护理的青年（n = 306，年龄23.42±4.91岁，65%为女性）和48名健康对照者（年龄23.44±3.38岁，60%为女性）。皮肤温度参数包括节律调整平均温度、日间稳定性（每日一致性）、日内变异性（节律碎片化）和温度峰值时间，这些参数由可穿戴传感器得出。基于我们的疾病轨迹 - 病理生理学模型，参与者被分为情绪障碍亚型（“高唤醒 - 焦虑型”[n = 209]、“神经发育 - 精神病型”[n = 40]或“昼夜节律 - 双相谱系型”[n = 43]），以及临床阶段（阈下障碍分为1a或1b级[n分别为47、173]，完全阈上障碍为2 +级[n = 76]）。与对照组相比，患有情绪障碍的青年皮肤温度节律延迟、稳定性较差且变异性更大，表现为节律调整平均皮肤温度较低（29.94±0.10°C对31.04±0.25°C，P < 0.001）、峰值时间延迟（0533±0014对0332±0036，P = 0.002）、日间稳定性降低（P = 0.009）和日内变异性增加（P = 0.020）。皮肤温度峰值相对于睡眠中点出现的时间也更晚（0.31±0.14对 - 0.48±0.35弧度，P = 0.037）。“昼夜节律 - 双相谱系型”亚型表现出较低的相对振幅（0.07±0.005对0.08±于0.002[高唤醒 - 焦虑型]和0.09±0.005[神经发育 - 精神病型]，P = 0.039），且睡眠中点无延迟。临床阶段与皮肤温度参数的差异无关。这些发现凸显了利用24小时皮肤温度节律作为患有新发情绪障碍青年昼夜节律紊乱的非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。观察到的温度模式和节律性破坏支持了昼夜节律紊乱可能介导某些患有新发重度情绪障碍青年亚组发病或病程的观点。
