Vandenplas Olivier, Doyen Virginie, Raulf Monika
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Department of Chest Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Namur, Belgium.
Institute of Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2025 Apr 28;25(1):22. doi: 10.1007/s11882-025-01204-x.
A comprehensive literature review was conducted in order to identify and summarize recent research on IgE-mediated occupational respiratory allergy to flour, focusing on the impact of modern developments in the baking industry characterized by industrialization of production processes and a growing use of baking "improvers".
Although respiratory allergy to flour is a potentially preventable condition through effective workplace control measures, available data indicate that exposure to flour dust has not decreased in the last decade and flour remains the most prevalent cause of occupational respiratory allergy. The development of the baking industry has led to the introduction of new allergen sources, although their contribution to the development of clinical respiratory allergy remains largely uncertain. In recent years, the diagnostic performance of serum-specific IgE antibody determination against wheat/rye flour and α-amylase compared with specific inhalation challenge with flour as the reference standard has been clarified, making these tests a first-line component of diagnostic algorithms. Available information on the prevalence and incidence of respiratory allergy to flour in recent decades indicates that this condition still imposes a substantial health and socioeconomic burden worldwide. Available data highlight the need to reinforce workplace health-related policies and regulations.
进行全面的文献综述，以识别和总结近期关于IgE介导的面粉职业性呼吸道过敏的研究，重点关注烘焙行业现代发展的影响，其特点是生产过程工业化以及烘焙“改良剂”的使用日益增加。
尽管通过有效的工作场所控制措施，面粉引起的呼吸道过敏是一种潜在可预防的疾病，但现有数据表明，在过去十年中面粉粉尘暴露并未减少，面粉仍然是职业性呼吸道过敏最常见的原因。烘焙行业的发展导致了新的过敏原来源的引入，尽管它们对临床呼吸道过敏发展的贡献在很大程度上仍不确定。近年来，已明确了与以面粉特异性吸入激发试验作为参考标准相比，血清特异性IgE抗体检测针对小麦/黑麦面粉和α-淀粉酶的诊断性能，使这些检测成为诊断算法的一线组成部分。近几十年来关于面粉呼吸道过敏患病率和发病率的现有信息表明，这种疾病在全球范围内仍然造成了巨大的健康和社会经济负担。现有数据凸显了加强与工作场所健康相关的政策和法规的必要性。
