Martín-Ramos Silvia, Domínguez-Aurrecoechea Begoña, Carballal-Mariño Marta, Del Castillo-Aguas Guadalupe, Solís-Sánchez Gonzalo
Neonatology Department, Hospital Río Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
PAPenRed Coordinating Team, Institute for Health Research of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 10;17(6):967. doi: 10.3390/nu17060967.
To analyse whether breastfeeding (BF) is related to better psychomotor development in the first two years of life. Prospective longitudinal study of a cohort of children born in Spain (between April 2017 and March 2018) and followed during the first two years of life by their primary care paediatrician in eight visits (LAyDI study-PAPenRed research network). The Haizea-Llevant development chart was used to assess the psychomotor development (DPM), and the subjects were divided according to whether or not they met each milestone. The initial sample was 1946 children (50.1% boys), which varied at each visit from 1946 on the first and second visit to 1076 on the last visit; DPM at 12, 18 and 24 months was compared according to the type of BF at 6 months; at 24 months, significant differences were found in the achievement of milestones in the BF-at-6-months group ("scribbles spontaneously", 0.007 and "descends stair", 0.002). When comparing the mean duration of BF and exclusive breastfeeding, according to milestones reached or not, statistically significant differences were observed in more milestones at the 24-month visit, including "eats with a spoon" (5.6 months in the group that reached it vs. 2.4 months in the group that did not, 0.014), and again for the milestone 'scribbles spontaneously' (5.6 months vs. 1.8 months, 0.021), among others. In our study, psychomotor development in the first two years of life does not show major differences in relation to the type of feeding; from this age onwards, the differences may be greater. Many factors influence psychomotor development in the first years of life, with breastfeeding not being an isolated factor.
分析母乳喂养（BF）是否与生命最初两年更好的精神运动发育有关。对西班牙出生的一组儿童（2017年4月至2018年3月）进行前瞻性纵向研究，在生命的前两年由其初级保健儿科医生进行8次随访（LAyDI研究 - PAPenRed研究网络）。使用海泽亚 - 莱万特发育图表评估精神运动发育（DPM），并根据受试者是否达到每个发育里程碑进行分组。初始样本为1946名儿童（50.1%为男孩），每次随访人数有所变化，第一次和第二次随访时有1946人，最后一次随访时为1076人；根据6个月时的母乳喂养类型比较12、18和24个月时的DPM；在24个月时，发现6个月母乳喂养组在达到发育里程碑方面存在显著差异（“自发涂鸦”，P = 0.007；“下楼梯”，P = 0.002）。在比较母乳喂养和纯母乳喂养的平均持续时间时，根据是否达到发育里程碑，在24个月随访时更多的发育里程碑存在统计学显著差异，包括“用勺子吃饭”（达到该里程碑的组为5.6个月，未达到的组为2.4个月，P = 0.014），以及再次出现的“自发涂鸦”里程碑（5.6个月对1.8个月，P = 0.021）等。在我们的研究中，生命最初两年的精神运动发育在喂养类型方面未显示出重大差异；从这个年龄起，差异可能更大。生命最初几年有许多因素影响精神运动发育，母乳喂养并非孤立因素。
