Salahuddin Mohammed F, Samuel Blesson I, Bugingo Richard, Spencer Delilah, Manzar Md Dilshad, BaHammam Ahmed S
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Health Professions, Notre Dame of Maryland University, MD, 21210, USA.
Independent Researcher, Chennai, India.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2025 Apr 23;17:649-662. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S515923. eCollection 2025.
Perceived stress and vulnerability to develop insomnia are closely linked, with negative mood affect playing a key role. Shift workers, particularly student pharmacists juggling academic demands and irregular work schedules, are at heightened risk for stress-related sleep disturbances. While previous studies have explored their direct relationships, limited evidence exists on the dual role of negative mood affect as both a mediator and a non-mediator in these pathways. This study investigates the mediating role of negative mood affect in the relationship between perceived stress and vulnerability to develop insomnia and assesses whether negative mood affect mediates the reverse relationship.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 86 student pharmacist shift workers at Notre Dame of Maryland University. Participants completed validated self-report measures, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Mediation analysis using Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 4) examined the mediating role of negative mood affect in both pathways. Bias-corrected bootstrapping with 5000 iterations calculated confidence intervals for indirect effects, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Negative mood affect partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and vulnerability to develop insomnia. Higher stress levels were associated with increased negative mood affect (b = 0.49, SE = 0.05, p < 0.01), which, in turn, was linked to greater insomnia vulnerability (b = 0.39, SE = 0.04, p < 0.01). The indirect effect was significant (b = 0.19, 95% CI [0.06, 0.33]). In contrast, negative mood affect did not mediate the reverse pathway (p = 0.15).
Negative mood affect significantly mediates the relationship between perceived stress and insomnia vulnerability but not the reverse pathway. Interventions targeting emotional regulation may help reduce stress-related sleep disturbances. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and refine interventions.
感知到的压力与患失眠症的易感性密切相关，负面情绪在其中起关键作用。轮班工作者，尤其是兼顾学业要求和不规律工作时间表的学生药剂师，面临与压力相关的睡眠障碍的风险更高。虽然先前的研究探讨了它们之间的直接关系，但关于负面情绪在这些途径中作为中介和非中介的双重作用的证据有限。本研究调查负面情绪在感知压力与患失眠症易感性之间关系中的中介作用，并评估负面情绪是否介导相反的关系。
对马里兰大学圣母学院的86名学生药剂师轮班工作者进行了一项横断面研究。参与者完成了经过验证的自我报告测量，包括感知压力量表（PSS）、福特失眠应激反应测试（FIRST）和正负情绪量表（PANAS）。使用海斯的PROCESS宏（模型4）进行中介分析，以检验负面情绪在两条途径中的中介作用。采用偏差校正自抽样法进行5000次迭代，计算间接效应的置信区间，显著性设定为p < 0.05。
负面情绪部分介导了感知压力与患失眠症易感性之间的关系。较高的压力水平与负面情绪增加相关（b = 0.49，SE = 0.05，p < 0.01），而负面情绪又与更高的失眠易感性相关（b = 0.39，SE = 0.04，p < 0.01）。间接效应显著（b = 0.19，95% CI [0.06, 0.33]）。相比之下，负面情绪并未介导相反的途径（p = 0.15）。
负面情绪显著介导了感知压力与失眠易感性之间的关系，但未介导相反的途径。针对情绪调节的干预措施可能有助于减少与压力相关的睡眠障碍。需要进行纵向研究以证实这些发现并完善干预措施。
