Kunst Korbinian, Hoffmann David, Erkan Anıl, Lazarova Karina, Khanh Tran Quoc
Laboratory of Adaptive Lighting Systems and Visual Processing, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 4a, 64289 Darmstadt,
J Eye Mov Res. 2025 Apr 10;18(2):13. doi: 10.3390/jemr18020013. eCollection 2025 Apr.
In this work, an experiment was designed in which a defined route consisting of country roads, highways, and urban roads was driven by 20 subjects during the day and at night. The test vehicle was equipped with GPS and a camera, and the subject wore head-mounted eye-tracking glasses to record gaze. Gaze distributions for country roads, highways, urban roads, and specific urban roads were then calculated and compared. The day/night comparisons showed that the horizontal fixation distribution of the subjects was wider during the day than at night over the whole test distance. When the distributions were divided into urban roads, country roads, and motorways, the difference was also seen in each road environment. For the vertical distribution, no clear differences between day and night can be seen for country roads or urban roads. In the case of the highway, the vertical dispersion is significantly lower, so the gaze is more focused. On highways and urban roads there is a tendency for the gaze to be lowered. The differentiation between a residential road and a main road in the city made it clear that gaze behavior differs significantly depending on the urban area. For example, the residential road led to a broader gaze behavior, as the sides of the street were scanned much more often in order to detect potential hazards lurking between parked cars at an early stage. This paper highlights the contradictory results of eye-tracking research and shows that it is not advisable to define a holy grail of gaze distribution for all environments. Gaze is highly situational and context-dependent, and generalized gaze distributions should not be used to design lighting functions. The research highlights the importance of an adaptive light distribution that adapts to the traffic situation and the environment, always providing good visibility for the driver and allowing a natural gaze behavior.
在这项研究中，设计了一项实验，让20名受试者在白天和夜间驾驶一条由乡村道路、高速公路和城市道路组成的特定路线。测试车辆配备了GPS和摄像头，受试者佩戴头戴式眼动追踪眼镜来记录注视情况。然后计算并比较了乡村道路、高速公路、城市道路以及特定城市道路的注视分布。白天/夜间的比较表明，在整个测试距离内，受试者的水平注视分布在白天比夜间更宽。当将分布分为城市道路、乡村道路和高速公路时，在每种道路环境中也都存在差异。对于垂直分布，乡村道路或城市道路在白天和夜间之间没有明显差异。在高速公路的情况下，垂直分散度明显更低，因此注视更集中。在高速公路和城市道路上，注视有降低的趋势。城市中住宅道路和主干道之间的差异表明，注视行为因城市区域的不同而有显著差异。例如，住宅道路导致更广泛的注视行为，因为为了尽早发现停在路边的汽车之间潜在的危险，会更频繁地扫视街道两侧。本文强调了眼动追踪研究的矛盾结果，并表明为所有环境定义一个注视分布的圣杯是不可取的。注视高度依赖于情境和上下文，不应使用通用的注视分布来设计照明功能。该研究强调了自适应光分布的重要性，这种光分布能够适应交通状况和环境，始终为驾驶员提供良好的能见度，并允许自然的注视行为。
