Martins Jonas Gama, Pardal Pedro Pereira de Oliveira, Brescovit Antonio Domingos, Procópio Rudi Emerson de Lima
Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil.
Laboratory of Medical Entomology and Venomous Animals, Center for Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2025 Apr 11;31:e20240057. doi: 10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2024-0057. eCollection 2025.
Spiders of medical importance in the Amazon region belong to the genera , and . Natural history data show that spp. occur in both periodically flooded forest areas () and non-flooded areas (), as well as in commercial plantations in the Amazon. Negative interactions with wandering spiders ( spp.) can occur along forest trails, leading to homes, schools and workplaces. Harmful species, such as and aff. , are mainly associated with accidents in rural settings.
To understand the dynamics of spider accidents in the Brazilian Amazon, we conducted a search for scientific articles in five databases (Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus by Elsevier and SciELO). In addition, we analyzed the content of four reference books on the ecological aspects of Amazonian spiders. All told, we identified 64 eligible studies, including six regional surveys published between 1996 and 2016.
From 2015 to 2022, a total of 25 human lives were lost to spider envenomation in the Brazilian Amazon. An analysis of the data revealed that many riverside families engage in agricultural practices that expose them to venomous animals. Hospital data reveal that most patients bitten by spiders come from impoverished rural communities, which rely on public hospitals of Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS) for medical treatment. The results indicate that spider bites in the Amazon represent a neglected public health problem, especially in locations far from capital cities.
Amerindian and non-Amerindian communities living in areas at high risk of venomous animal attacks do not receive adequate attention in health policies. Given the wide dispersion of rural populations vulnerable to venomous animal incidents in the Amazon, the establishment of new referral medical centers is an essential strategy, especially for riverside communities with limited access to health services.
亚马逊地区具有医学重要性的蜘蛛属于 、 和 属。自然历史数据表明， 属蜘蛛出现在周期性洪水淹没的森林地区（ ）和非洪水淹没地区（ ），以及亚马逊地区的商业种植园中。在森林小径沿线、通往家庭、学校和工作场所的途中，可能会与游走蛛（ 属）发生负面相互作用。有害物种，如 和 近缘种，主要与农村地区的事故相关。
为了解巴西亚马逊地区蜘蛛咬伤事故的动态情况，我们在五个数据库（谷歌学术、PubMed/MEDLINE、爱思唯尔的Scopus和SciELO）中搜索科学文章。此外，我们分析了四本关于亚马逊蜘蛛生态方面的参考书的内容。总共，我们确定了64项符合条件的研究，包括1996年至2016年期间发表的六项区域调查。
2015年至2022年期间，巴西亚马逊地区共有25人因蜘蛛毒液中毒丧生。对数据的分析表明，许多河边家庭从事的农业活动使他们暴露于有毒动物。医院数据显示，大多数被蜘蛛咬伤的患者来自贫困农村社区，这些社区依靠巴西统一卫生系统（SUS）的公立医院进行治疗。结果表明，亚马逊地区的蜘蛛咬伤是一个被忽视的公共卫生问题，特别是在远离首府城市的地区。
生活在有毒动物袭击高风险地区的美洲印第安人和非美洲印第安人社区在卫生政策中未得到充分关注。鉴于亚马逊地区易受有毒动物事件影响的农村人口分布广泛，建立新的转诊医疗中心是一项至关重要的战略，特别是对于获得卫生服务机会有限的河边社区。
