Feng Pinning, Yan Yan, Chen Hanzu, Ru Dongmei, Wang Xinyue, Chen Yuming
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510062, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Mar 20;17(6):1096. doi: 10.3390/nu17061096.
The individual roles of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in mitigating metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been well-documented. However, the significance of their ratio (DHA/EPA) in erythrocytes concerning MetS remains underexplored. This study evaluated the association between the DHA/EPA ratio and MetS including its separate components. This community-based prospective cohort study involved 3497 participants aged 40 to 75 years enrolled in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) from 2008 to 2013 in China. Baseline erythrocyte fatty acids were quantified using gas chromatography. Over a 12-year follow-up, MetS status was reassessed triennially, identifying 766 new MetS cases among the 2111 participants initially free of the syndrome. The study examined both cross-sectional and prospective relationships of EPA, DHA, and the DHA/EPA ratio with both the presence and incidence of MetS alongside its individual components. Multivariable cross-sectional analyses revealed that the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MetS prevalence in quartile 4 (vs. 1) were 1.32 (1.07, 1.62) for EPA, 0.52 (0.40, 0.66) for DHA, and 0.66 (0.52, 0.83) for the DHA/EPA ratio (all -trend < 0.05). Analogous patterns were observed for associations with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. In the prospective analysis, higher DHA/EPA ratios and lower EPA levels were associated with reduced 12-year incidence of MetS and hyperglycemia. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for MetS, comparing the extreme quartiles, were 1.26 (1.02, 1.55) for EPA and 0.75 (0.60, 0.94) for the DHA/EPA ratio. Additionally, DHA was inversely associated with the incidence of hypertension. The study highlights a consistent inverse relationship between the DHA/EPA ratio and both the prevalence and risk of MetS. These findings underscore the potential utility of the DHA/EPA ratio as a predictive marker or therapeutic target in MetS management.
二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）在缓解代谢综合征（MetS）中的个体作用已有充分记录。然而，它们在红细胞中的比例（DHA/EPA）与代谢综合征的关系仍未得到充分探索。本研究评估了DHA/EPA比例与代谢综合征及其各个组成部分之间的关联。这项基于社区的前瞻性队列研究纳入了2008年至2013年在中国广州营养与健康研究（GNHS）中登记的3497名年龄在40至75岁之间的参与者。使用气相色谱法对基线红细胞脂肪酸进行定量。在12年的随访中，每三年重新评估一次代谢综合征状态，在最初无该综合征的2111名参与者中确定了766例新的代谢综合征病例。该研究考察了EPA、DHA和DHA/EPA比例与代谢综合征及其各个组成部分的存在和发生率之间的横断面和前瞻性关系。多变量横断面分析显示，四分位数4（与四分位数1相比）中代谢综合征患病率的优势比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），EPA为1.32（1.07，1.62），DHA为0.52（0.40，0.66），DHA/EPA比例为0.66（0.52，0.83）（所有趋势<0.05）。在与高脂血症、高血压和高血糖的关联中也观察到类似模式。在前瞻性分析中，较高的DHA/EPA比例和较低的EPA水平与代谢综合征和高血糖的12年发病率降低相关。比较极端四分位数时，代谢综合征的风险比（HR）和95%CI，EPA为1.26（1.02，1.55），DHA/EPA比例为0.75（0.60，0.94）。此外，DHA与高血压的发病率呈负相关。该研究强调了DHA/EPA比例与代谢综合征的患病率和风险之间始终存在的负相关关系。这些发现强调了DHA/EPA比例作为代谢综合征管理中的预测标志物或治疗靶点的潜在效用。
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