Gu Ja K, Charles Luenda E, Lim Chol Seung, Mnatsakanova Anna, Anderson Stacey, Dzubak Lisa, McCanlies Erin
Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2025 Jun;68(6):531-542. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23726. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with multiple health effects including pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia, increased serum hepatic enzymes, increased in serum lipids, decreased antibody response to vaccines, and decreased birth weight. Millions of US workers are exposed to PFAS at their workplaces. Our objective was to estimate the serum levels of the five PFAS that are most frequently detected in the US general population(perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)) among US adult workers.
Participants were 4476 workers aged ≥ 20 years with PFAS analyte results available who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2014. Geometric mean serum levels of PFAS (ng/mL) were obtained across industry and occupation groups using the PFAS subsample weight in SAS-callable SUDAAN V11.
Among 21 industry groups, the highest geometric mean PFAS levels (ng/mL) were observed in Construction (PFOS = 12.61 ng/mL, PFOA = 3.76, PFHxS = 2.10, PFNA = 1.23, and PFDA = 0.33), followed by Utilities (PFOS = 12.46), and Real Estate/Rental/Leasing (PFOS = 12.15). The lowest geometric mean PFAS levels were seen in Private Households (PFOS = 6.34, PFOA = 2.12, PFHxS=0.75, PFNA = 0.86, and PFDA = 0.25). Among 22 occupation groups, the highest geometric mean PFAS levels were observed in Life/Physical/Social Science occupations (PFOS = 13.19, PFOA = 3.54, PFHxS= 1.69, PFNA = 1.23, and PFDA = 0.33), followed by Installation/Maintenance/Repair occupations (PFOS = 12.75), and Construction/Extraction occupations (PFOS = 12.15). The lowest geometric mean PFAS levels were found in Personal Care/Service occupations (PFOS = 7.25, PFOA = 2.43, PFHxS = 1.07, PFNA = 0.94, and PFDA = 0.25).
Some industry and occupation groups had higher geometric mean levels of PFAS in serum compared to others. Further investigation of these industries and occupations may result in a better understanding of the sources and degree of occupational exposure to PFAS.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）与多种健康影响相关，包括妊娠高血压和先兆子痫、血清肝酶升高、血脂升高、疫苗抗体反应降低以及出生体重降低。数百万美国工人在工作场所接触PFAS。我们的目标是估计美国成年工人中在美国普通人群中最常检测到的五种PFAS（全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟癸酸（PFDA）和全氟壬酸（PFNA））的血清水平。
参与者为4476名年龄≥20岁且有PFAS分析物结果的工人，他们参加了2005 - 2014年的国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）。使用SAS可调用的SUDAAN V11中的PFAS子样本权重，获得各行业和职业组中PFAS的几何平均血清水平（ng/mL）。
在21个行业组中，建筑行业的PFAS几何平均水平最高（ng/mL）（PFOS = 12.61 ng/mL，PFOA = 3.76，PFHxS = 2.10，PFNA = 1.23，PFDA = 0.33），其次是公用事业（PFOS = 12.46）和房地产/租赁/租赁业（PFOS = 12.15）。私人家庭中的PFAS几何平均水平最低（PFOS = 6.34，PFOA = 2.12，PFHxS = 0.75，PFNA = 0.86，PFDA = 0.25）。在22个职业组中，生命/物理/社会科学职业的PFAS几何平均水平最高（PFOS = 13.19，PFOA = 3.54，PFHxS = 1.69，PFNA = 1.23，PFDA = 0.33），其次是安装/维护/修理职业（PFOS = 12.75）和建筑/采掘职业（PFOS = 12.15）。个人护理/服务职业中的PFAS几何平均水平最低（PFOS = 7.25，PFOA = 2.43，PFHxS = 1.07，PFNA = 0.94，PFDA = 0.25）。
与其他行业和职业组相比，一些行业和职业组的血清中PFAS几何平均水平更高。对这些行业和职业的进一步调查可能有助于更好地了解PFAS的职业暴露来源和程度。
