Pan Ziyi, Xu Congcong, Sun Dongyue, Yang Xingda, Guo Rihong, Dai Zichun, Chen Fang, Shi Zhendan, Ying Shijia
Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
Poult Sci. 2025 Apr 4;104(7):105113. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105113.
This study aims to elucidate the effects of environmental temperature on growth performance, pectoral muscle fiber structure, fatty acid composition, and gene expression in ducks. A total of 72 ducks at 21-day-old were randomly assigned to controlled environments at temperatures of 20°C (T20) and 29°C (T29) from 21 to 42 days of age. Ducks in the T20 group exhibited significantly higher body weight, body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG), and average daily feed intake (ADFI) at 42-day-old compared to those in the T29 group (P < 0.05). T20 group showed a marked reduction in muscle fiber diameter and area, with an increase in fiber density compared to those raised at T29 group (P < 0.05). The T20 group also had higher levels of various fatty acids, including saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) types, while T29 group had lower levels of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs and a higher ω-6/ω-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed 544 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily associated with the Cell Cycle, Cell Replication, and PPAR signaling pathways, with key genes cell division cycle 45 (CDC45), chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1), and others identified through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis as crucial for temperature regulation of muscle fiber structure and fatty acid composition, particularly within the significantly enriched cell cycle pathway. These findings were validated by qPCR, confirming consistent gene expression trends. The study highlights how ambient temperature affects muscle fiber characteristics and fatty acid composition in ducks, offering insights into potential strategies for optimizing production conditions to enhance meat quality and efficiency.
本研究旨在阐明环境温度对鸭生长性能、胸肌纤维结构、脂肪酸组成及基因表达的影响。选取72只21日龄的鸭，在21至42日龄期间随机分配到20°C（T20）和29°C（T29）的控制环境中。与T29组相比，T20组的鸭在42日龄时体重、体重增加量（BWG）、平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）显著更高（P<0.05）。与T29组饲养的鸭相比，T20组的肌纤维直径和面积显著减小，纤维密度增加（P<0.05）。T20组还具有较高水平的各种脂肪酸，包括饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）类型，而T29组的ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸水平较低，ω-6/ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值较高（P<0.05）。转录组分析揭示了544个差异表达基因（DEG），主要与细胞周期、细胞复制和PPAR信号通路相关，通过蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络分析确定关键基因细胞分裂周期45（CDC45）、染色质许可和DNA复制因子1（CDT1）等对肌纤维结构和脂肪酸组成的温度调节至关重要，特别是在显著富集的细胞周期通路中。这些发现通过qPCR得到验证，证实了一致的基因表达趋势。该研究强调了环境温度如何影响鸭的肌纤维特征和脂肪酸组成，为优化生产条件以提高肉质和效率的潜在策略提供了见解。
