Kim James W, Jain Ashkay B, Khullar Atul
Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Department of Endocrinology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Can J Diabetes. 2025 Apr 26. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2025.04.008.
Insomnia is a condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or experiencing early morning awakenings despite having a sufficient opportunity for rest. It affects up to one-third of adults, with around 10% meeting the criteria for insomnia disorder. Emerging research increasingly points to insomnia as a significant, modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. This narrative review synthesizes the latest evidence linking insomnia to heightened cardiometabolic risk, especially type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we discuss how sleep deprivation affects metabolic processes and cardiovascular health, highlighting the connection between insomnia and cardiometabolic disease. Despite its prevalence and clear impact on health, insomnia remains trivialized, underdiagnosed, and inadequately managed. Only a minority of individuals seek medical advice for sleep disturbances, highlighting an urgent need for improved screening and management, particularly for those with cardiometabolic conditions. In this review, we aim to provide health-care professionals with practical recommendations for identifying and managing insomnia, a condition that is often underrecognized, with the ultimate goal of reducing the burden of cardiometabolic diseases. Integrating sleep health into cardiometabolic care will represent a significant step forward in reducing the global burden of chronic cardiometabolic diseases.
失眠是一种以难以入睡或维持睡眠，或尽管有充足的休息机会却仍过早醒来为特征的病症。它影响着多达三分之一的成年人，约10%的人符合失眠症的标准。越来越多的新研究指出，失眠是包括2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、慢性肾病和代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病在内的心脏代谢疾病的一个重要且可改变的风险因素。这篇叙述性综述综合了将失眠与心脏代谢风险增加，尤其是与2型糖尿病相关的最新证据。此外，我们还讨论了睡眠剥夺如何影响代谢过程和心血管健康，强调了失眠与心脏代谢疾病之间的联系。尽管失眠普遍存在且对健康有明显影响，但它仍然被轻视、诊断不足且管理不当。只有少数人因睡眠障碍寻求医疗建议，这凸显了迫切需要改进筛查和管理，特别是对于那些患有心脏代谢疾病的人。在这篇综述中，我们旨在为医疗保健专业人员提供识别和管理失眠的实用建议，失眠这种病症常常未得到充分认识，最终目标是减轻心脏代谢疾病的负担。将睡眠健康纳入心脏代谢护理将是在减轻全球慢性心脏代谢疾病负担方面向前迈出的重要一步。
