Renner Tyler M, Stuible Matthew, Cass Brian, Perret Sylvie, Guimond Julie, Lord-Dufour Simon, McCluskie Michael J, Durocher Yves, Akache Bassel
National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Npj Viruses. 2024 Nov 21;2(1):58. doi: 10.1038/s44298-024-00067-9.
The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of vaccines and preparedness against viral threats crossing species barriers. In response, a worldwide vaccination campaign targeting SARS-CoV-2 was implemented, which provides some cross-protective immunological memory to other coronavirus species with zoonotic potential. Following a vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2 spike in a preclinical mouse model, we were able to demonstrate the induction of neutralizing antibodies towards multiple human ACE2 (hACE2)-binding Sarbecovirus spikes. Importantly, compared to vaccines based on the SARS-CoV-2 Reference strain, vaccines based on Omicron spike sequences induced drastically less broadly cross-protective neutralizing antibodies against other hACE2-binding sarbecoviruses. This observation remained true whether the vaccination regimens were based on protein subunit or mRNA / LNP vaccines. Overall, while it may be necessary to update vaccine antigens to combat the evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus for enhanced protection from COVID-19, Reference-based vaccines may be a more valuable tool to protect against novel coronavirus zoonoses.
新冠疫情凸显了疫苗以及防范跨越物种屏障的病毒威胁的准备工作的重要性。作为应对措施，一场针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的全球疫苗接种运动得以实施，该运动为其他具有人畜共患病潜力的冠状病毒物种提供了一些交叉保护性免疫记忆。在临床前小鼠模型中遵循针对SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白的疫苗接种方案后，我们能够证明诱导产生了针对多种与人类血管紧张素转换酶2（hACE2）结合的沙贝病毒属刺突蛋白的中和抗体。重要的是，与基于SARS-CoV-2参考毒株的疫苗相比，基于奥密克戎刺突序列的疫苗诱导产生的针对其他与hACE2结合的沙贝病毒的广泛交叉保护性中和抗体大幅减少。无论疫苗接种方案是基于蛋白质亚单位疫苗还是信使核糖核酸/脂质纳米颗粒（mRNA/LNP）疫苗，这一观察结果均成立。总体而言，虽然可能有必要更新疫苗抗原以对抗不断演变的SARS-CoV-2病毒，从而加强对新冠病毒病的防护，但基于参考毒株的疫苗可能是预防新型冠状病毒人畜共患病的更有价值的工具。
