Pastor-Cisneros Raquel, Denche-Zamorano Ángel, Rubio-de la Osa Ana, Pereira-Payo Damián
Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
Centro de Salud de Zafra, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Zafra, Spain.
Psychol Health Med. 2025 Apr 28:1-19. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2025.2496999.
Healthy lifestyles may have the potential to be protective factors for mental health problems. The aim was to classify drinkers and former drinkers in depression sufferers or non-sufferers according to demographic data and lifestyle habits, using a classification and regression tree (CRT). This cross-sectional study is based on the NHANES 2011-20. 3175 participants (2342 males and 833 females) drinkers and former drinkers formed the final sample. CRT analysis was used to classify them in depression sufferers and non-sufferers. Odds ratio (OR) and relative risks (RR) of suffering depression for each branch of the tree were calculated. The model was found to have an 82.0% accuracy. Independent variables were classified by their importance in the model, in this order: diet (0.007; 100.0%), gender (0.004; 60.4%), PA group (0.003; 45.4%), sedentary time (0.002; 32.6%), education level (0.001; 29.1%) and age (<0.001; 7.1%). Elevated OR and RR of suffering depression were found for participants with: fair and poor diet compared to good, very good or excellent diet (OR = 2.02, CI95%: 1.69-2.43, RR = 1.77, CI95%: 1.52-2.10), for inactive, walkers and low PA, compared to moderate PA and high PA (OR = 1.99,CI95% = 1.53-2.60, RR = 1.68, CI95%:1.37-2.07), for females compared to males (OR = 2.00, CI95%:1.54-2.66, RR = 1.81, CI95%:1.45-2.26), for people with a '9-11th grade' or below education level compared to those with a higher level of education (OR = 1.50, CI95%:1.05-2.15, RR = 1.32, CI95%:1.04-1.67) in branch beneath node 3; and for people with a high school/GED or below education level, compared to those with higher education (OR = 1.99, CI95%:1.27-3.13, RR = 1.71, CI95%:1.21-2.43), in branch beneath node 6. Diet, PA group, sedentary time, gender, education level and age allow us to classify drinkers and former drinkers in sufferers or non-sufferers of depression. The CRT model combined with OR and RR allow us to identify which participants have greater odds of suffering depression based on lifestyle and demographic data.
健康的生活方式可能有潜力成为心理健康问题的保护因素。目的是使用分类与回归树（CRT），根据人口统计学数据和生活习惯对抑郁症患者或非患者中的饮酒者和既往饮酒者进行分类。这项横断面研究基于2011 - 2020年的美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）。3175名参与者（2342名男性和833名女性）饮酒者和既往饮酒者构成了最终样本。使用CRT分析将他们分为抑郁症患者和非患者。计算了树的每个分支患抑郁症的比值比（OR）和相对风险（RR）。发现该模型的准确率为82.0%。自变量按其在模型中的重要性分类，顺序如下：饮食（0.007；100.0%）、性别（0.004；60.4%）、身体活动（PA）组（0.003；45.4%）、久坐时间（0.002；32.6%）、教育水平（0.001；29.1%）和年龄（<0.001；7.1%）。与良好、非常好或优秀饮食相比，饮食一般和较差的参与者患抑郁症的OR和RR升高（OR = 2.02，95%置信区间：1.69 - 2.43，RR = 1.77，95%置信区间：1.52 - 2.10）；与中等PA和高PA相比，不活动、步行者和低PA的参与者患抑郁症的OR和RR升高（OR = 1.99，95%置信区间 = 1.53 - 2.60，RR = 1.68，95%置信区间：1.37 - 2.07）；女性与男性相比患抑郁症的OR和RR升高（OR = 2.00，95%置信区间：1.54 - 2.66，RR = 1.81，95%置信区间：1.45 - 2.26）；在节点3下方的分支中，与教育水平较高者相比，教育水平为“9 - 11年级”或以下的人患抑郁症的OR和RR升高（OR = 1.50，95%置信区间：1.05 - 2.15，RR = 1.32，95%置信区间：1.04 - 1.67）；在节点6下方的分支中，与教育水平较高者相比，高中/普通同等学历或以下教育水平的人患抑郁症的OR和RR升高（OR = 1.99，95%置信区间：1.27 - 3.13，RR = 1.71，95%置信区间：1.21 - 2.43）。饮食、PA组、久坐时间、性别、教育水平和年龄使我们能够将饮酒者和既往饮酒者分为抑郁症患者或非患者。CRT模型结合OR和RR使我们能够根据生活方式和人口统计学数据确定哪些参与者患抑郁症的几率更高。
