Buck-Gramcko D
Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 1985 Jul;17(4):188-93.
The ligaments of the wrist and the bony configuration--beside muscles and tendons--are responsible for stability in the wrist joint, which is impaired in certain pathological conditions: unstable fractures of the scaphoid, scapholunate dissociations, perilunate fracture-dislocations, malunited Colles' fractures, Kienböcks disease, rheumatoid arthritis and posttraumatic laxity of ligaments. The differentiation between dorsal and palmar instability is made by radiological examination and measuring of the scapholunate, capitolunate and radiolunate angles. The understanding of normal anatomy and (post-)traumatic conditions is facilitated by the concept of dynamic action of the ligaments and the bones of the wrist as articular and extraarticular slings.
除肌肉和肌腱外，腕关节的韧带及骨骼结构对腕关节的稳定性起作用，在某些病理状态下其稳定性会受损，如舟骨不稳定骨折、舟月骨分离、月骨周围骨折脱位、Colles骨折畸形愈合、Kienböck病、类风湿关节炎以及创伤后韧带松弛。通过放射学检查及测量舟月骨、头月骨和桡月骨角度来区分背侧和掌侧不稳定。腕关节韧带和骨骼作为关节内和关节外吊索的动态作用概念有助于理解正常解剖结构及（创伤后）状况。
