Dudziński Łukasz, Kasperczyk Rafał, Weiner Marcin, Czyżewski Łukasz
John Paul II University, Biala Podlaska, Poland.
State Fire Service, Dzierżoniów, Poland.
Work. 2025 Mar;80(3):1223-1230. doi: 10.1177/10519815241291417. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
BackgroundThe profession of a firefighter is classified as a profession with a very high level of risk. Serving in Rescue and Firefighting Unit (RFU) involves participating in intervention activities, including fighting fires, removing the effects of technical failures and natural disasters, rescuing people and animals, and specialized activities.ObjectiveThe analysis of zoonotic health hazards to firefighters during fire and rescue operations from 2020 to 2022.Materials and MethodsThe analysis covered the data from the Human Resources Office of the State Fire Service Headquarters, from the Department of Occupational Health and Safety and Health Prevention. Data collected from all over Poland in the form of an annual analysis of the accident rate. For the purposes of further analysis and calculations, several definitions were adopted: animal evacuation, animal relocation, access to animals.ResultsIn the years 2020-2022, 67 firefighter injuries of animal origin were registered: animals, birds, as well as hymenopteran insects (stings), and ticks (bites). Interventions involving animals accounted for 8.8% of all firefighter operations. An analysis was conducted to identify the most common cause (species) and location (body area) of firefighter injuries in rescue and firefighting operations with animals. The most common cause of injuries was identified (species): dog (13%), cat (31%), hymenoptera (25%) and the location of injury to firefighters (body area): hand (55%), head (16%).ConclusionsThe overall number of injuries is small compared to the number of incidents with animals, which may be related to good firefighter protection and effective procedures. To avoid zoonotic injuries to the palm area, fire trucks should be provided with a set of general-use veterinary gloves + disposable nitrile gloves that will ensure hygiene when used by many people. The interventions towards animals throughout Poland are on a large scale, which creates a health risk for firefighters, as rescued animals under stress and towards strangers behave in an unpredictable manner, adequate to a given stress reaction.
背景
消防员职业被归类为风险极高的职业。在救援和消防单位（RFU）工作涉及参与干预活动，包括灭火、消除技术故障和自然灾害的影响、营救人员和动物以及开展专门活动。
目的
分析2020年至2022年火灾和救援行动期间消防员面临的人畜共患病健康风险。
材料和方法
分析涵盖了国家消防局总部人力资源办公室、职业健康与安全预防部的数据。以事故率年度分析的形式收集来自波兰各地的数据。为了进一步分析和计算，采用了几个定义：动物疏散、动物转移、接触动物。
结果
在2020 - 2022年期间，记录了67起因动物导致的消防员受伤事件：动物、鸟类、膜翅目昆虫（叮咬）以及蜱虫（叮咬）。涉及动物的干预行动占所有消防员行动的8.8%。对消防员在与动物相关的救援和灭火行动中受伤的最常见原因（物种）和部位（身体区域）进行了分析。确定的最常见受伤原因（物种）为：狗（13%）、猫（31%）、膜翅目昆虫（25%），消防员受伤部位（身体区域）为：手部（55%）、头部（16%）。
结论
与涉及动物的事件数量相比，受伤总数较少，这可能与消防员的良好防护和有效程序有关。为避免手掌区域受到人畜共患病伤害，消防车应配备一套通用兽医手套 + 一次性丁腈手套，以确保多人使用时的卫生。波兰各地针对动物的干预行动规模较大，这给消防员带来了健康风险，因为处于压力下的获救动物以及面对陌生人时的行为不可预测，符合特定的应激反应。
