Pospelov B A, Murashov I S, Volkov A M, Klinnikova M G, Lushnikova E L
Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2025 Mar;178(5):661-665. doi: 10.1007/s10517-025-06393-z. Epub 2025 Apr 29.
Pathomorphological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies were performed on samples of coronary, common carotid, renal, and common iliac arteries from 32 patients (95 samples) who died at the age of 40-70 years without terminal atherosclerosis (vascular stenosis < 35%). In all arterial samples, uneven thickening of the intima was observed due to the formation of large areas of fibrosis and hyperelastosis. The formation of atheromatous plaque with numerous small deposits of lipid detritus was detected in 24 (25.3%) samples. Atheromatous foci were more common in coronary arteries and less common in the renal arteries. The largest intimal area on cross-sections was found in the common iliac arteries (33-34% larger than the in coronary and common carotid arteries, respectively, and 63% larger in the renal arteries). The area of the media was maximum in common carotid and common iliac arteries, and minimum in coronary arteries. The intima-to-media area ratio was maximum in the coronary arteries. A strong correlation was found between the intima area and the number of newly formed vessels (r = 0.733, p < 0.05) and between the number of vessels and macrophages (r = 0.675, p < 0.01). The frequency of pronounced fibrosis of the media (area of fibrous changes ⩾ 50%) was highest in fragments of renal arteries and lower in carotid artery samples. The greatest number of calcification foci was observed in samples of the common iliac arteries (35% of the total number, p < 0.01). The obtained results demonstrate both stereotypy and heterogeneity of atherosclerotic lesions in arteries from different vascular basins.
对32例年龄在40 - 70岁、无终末期动脉粥样硬化（血管狭窄< 35%）死亡患者的冠状动脉、颈总动脉、肾动脉和髂总动脉样本进行了病理形态学、免疫组织化学和形态计量学研究。在所有动脉样本中，由于大面积纤维化和弹力组织增生，观察到内膜不均匀增厚。在24个（25.3%）样本中检测到有大量脂质碎屑小沉积的动脉粥样斑块形成。动脉粥样硬化病灶在冠状动脉中更常见，在肾动脉中较少见。横断面内膜面积最大的是髂总动脉（分别比冠状动脉和颈总动脉大33 - 34%，比肾动脉大63%）。中膜面积在颈总动脉和髂总动脉中最大，在冠状动脉中最小。冠状动脉的内膜与中膜面积比最大。发现内膜面积与新生血管数量之间存在强相关性（r = 0.733，p < 0.05），血管数量与巨噬细胞之间也存在强相关性（r = 0.675，p < 0.01）。中膜明显纤维化的频率（纤维性改变面积⩾ 50%）在肾动脉片段中最高，在颈动脉样本中较低。在髂总动脉样本中观察到的钙化灶数量最多（占总数的35%，p < 0.01）。所得结果表明不同血管区域动脉粥样硬化病变既有刻板性又有异质性。
