Evidence for a functional role of RNA in centrioles.

Basal bodies, purified from Chlamydomonas and Tetrahymena, were exposed to various enzymatic treatments and then assayed for their ability to nucleate aster formation upon injection into eggs of Xenopus laevis. Untreated basal bodies injected into frog eggs act as centrioles and induce the formation of asters. The aster-inducing activity of basal bodies was eliminated by treatment with proteolytic enzymes and ribonucleases. Aster-inducing activity was not affected by DNAse and a number of other enzymes. The effect of proteolytic digestion on aster-inducing activity appeared to be directly correlated with the degree of structural damage to the basal body. Low concentrations of pancreatic ribonuclease A, ribonuclease T1, and S1 nuclease also completely abolished aster-inducing activity, although these enzymes had no effect on basal body structure. Ribonuclease-treated basal bodies remained capable of supporting microtubule elongation in vitro. Preliminary evidence indicates that basal bodies from Chlamydomonas and Tetrahymena contain about 5 x 10(-16) g of RNA which co-band with basal bodies and aster-inducing activity by equilibrium density gradient sedimentation. We conclude first, that centrioles contain RNA which is required for initiation of aster formation, and second, that the centriole activity or ability to assemble a mitotic aster is separable from the basal body activity, or ability to serve directly as a template for microtubule growth.