Kelebie Mulualem, Kibralew Getasew, Tadesse Gebresilassie, Nakie Girum, Ali Dawed, Fanta Biruk, Muche Mulu, Fentahun Setegn, Rtbey Gidey, Takelle Girmaw Medfu
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2025 Apr 29;25(1):433. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06894-1.
Antipsychotic medications, though essential for treating severe mental illnesses, are commonly associated with metabolic side effects that increase the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). These metabolic complications significantly undermine treatment adherence and contribute to adverse clinical outcomes. Despite the increasing utilization of antipsychotics in Africa, there remains a critical lack of region-specific data on the prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome in this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesize existing data on the prevalence and predictors of MetS among psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in Africa.
We looked for primary papers on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, African Journal Online, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Psychiatry Online, CINAHL, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. We included original research articles that evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic medication. Two independent reviewers examined the articles and extracted data. The I² statistic was employed to assess statistical heterogeneity, and a random-effects meta-analysis was applied due to the observed heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression test. This review has been registered with PROSPERO (ID = CRD42024558310).
This systematic review analyzed 25 primary studies encompassing a total of 4,064 participants. The pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome among psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in Africa was estimated at 22% (95% CI: 16.33-27.66). Female gender (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.73-6.23), advanced age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03-1.12), and elevated body mass index (OR = 5.33, 95% CI: 2.35-12.12) were identified as significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome in this population.
Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in Africa, with female sex, older age, and elevated body mass index identified as significant risk factors. These findings underscore the need for routine metabolic monitoring and timely interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk, enhance treatment adherence, and prevent recurrence of psychiatric symptoms.
抗精神病药物虽然对治疗严重精神疾病至关重要，但通常会伴有代谢副作用，增加代谢综合征（MetS）的风险。这些代谢并发症严重影响治疗依从性，并导致不良临床结局。尽管非洲抗精神病药物的使用日益增加，但该人群中关于代谢综合征患病率和决定因素的特定区域数据仍然严重缺乏。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在综合现有关于非洲接受抗精神病治疗的精神科患者中代谢综合征患病率和预测因素的数据。
我们在PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、非洲期刊在线、PsycINFO、EMBASE、精神病学在线、CINAHL、科学Direct和Cochrane图书馆中查找原始论文。我们纳入了评估接受抗精神病药物治疗的精神科患者中代谢综合征患病率的原始研究文章。两名独立评审员检查文章并提取数据。采用I²统计量评估统计异质性，由于观察到异质性，应用随机效应荟萃分析。使用漏斗图和Egger加权回归检验评估发表偏倚。本综述已在PROSPERO注册（ID = CRD42024558310）。
本系统评价分析了25项原始研究，共纳入4064名参与者。非洲接受抗精神病治疗的精神科患者中代谢综合征的合并患病率估计为22%（95%CI：16.33 - 27.66）。女性（OR = 3.28，95%CI：1.73 - 6.23）、高龄（OR = 1.07，95%CI：1.03 - 1.12）和体重指数升高（OR = 5.33，95%CI：2.35 - 12.12）被确定为该人群代谢综合征的显著危险因素。
代谢综合征在非洲接受抗精神病治疗的精神科患者中高度流行，女性、高龄和体重指数升高被确定为显著危险因素。这些发现强调了进行常规代谢监测和及时干预以降低心血管风险、提高治疗依从性和预防精神症状复发的必要性。
