Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Xiangya Road 87#, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Apr 12;23(1):686. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15584-0.
Lifestyle changes are important for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but studies that focus on gender differences in the lifestyle risk factors of MetS are limited in China. This research aimed to generate a healthy lifestyle index (HLI) to assess the behavioral risk factors of MetS and its components, and to explore the gender differences in HLI score and other influencing factors of MetS.
A convenience sample of 532 outpatients were recruited from a general hospital in Changsha, China. The general information and HLI scores [including physical activity (PA), diet, smoking, alcohol use, and body mass index (BMI)] of the subjects were collected through questionnaires, and each patient's height, weight, waist circumference, and other physical signs were measured. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of MetS and its components.
The prevalence of MetS was 33.3% for the whole sample (46.3% in males and 23.3% in females). The risk of MetS increased with age, smoking, unhealthy diet, and BMI in males and with age and BMI in females. Our logistic regression analysis showed that lower HLI (male: OR = 0.838,95%CI = 0.757-0.929; female: OR = 0.752, 95%CI = 0.645-0.876) and older age (male: OR = 2.899, 95%CI = 1.446-5.812; female: OR = 4.430, 95%CI = 1.640-11.969) were independent risk factors of MetS, for both sexes.
Low levels of HLI and older ages were independent risk factors of MetS in both males and females. The association between aging and MetS risk was stronger in females, while the association between unhealthy lifestyles and MetS risk was stronger in males. Our findings reinforced the expected gender differences in MetS prevalence and its risk factors, which has implications for the future development of gender-specific MetS prevention and intervention programs.
生活方式的改变对于代谢综合征（MetS）的预防和管理非常重要，但在中国，专门针对代谢综合征生活方式危险因素的性别差异的研究有限。本研究旨在生成一个健康生活方式指数（HLI）来评估 MetS 及其成分的行为危险因素，并探讨 HLI 评分和其他 MetS 影响因素的性别差异。
便利选取中国长沙市一家综合医院的 532 名门诊患者。通过问卷收集受试者的一般信息和 HLI 评分[包括体力活动（PA）、饮食、吸烟、饮酒和体重指数（BMI）]，并测量每位患者的身高、体重、腰围和其他身体体征。使用逻辑回归分析来分析 MetS 及其成分的危险因素。
整个样本的 MetS 患病率为 33.3%（男性为 46.3%，女性为 23.3%）。男性中 MetS 的风险随着年龄、吸烟、不健康饮食和 BMI 的增加而增加，女性中则随着年龄和 BMI 的增加而增加。我们的逻辑回归分析表明，较低的 HLI（男性：OR=0.838，95%CI=0.757-0.929；女性：OR=0.752，95%CI=0.645-0.876）和年龄较大（男性：OR=2.899，95%CI=1.446-5.812；女性：OR=4.430，95%CI=1.640-11.969）是 MetS 的独立危险因素，无论性别如何。
对于男性和女性来说，低水平的 HLI 和年龄较大都是 MetS 的独立危险因素。女性衰老与 MetS 风险之间的关联更强，而男性不健康的生活方式与 MetS 风险之间的关联更强。我们的发现强化了代谢综合征患病率及其危险因素的预期性别差异，这对未来制定针对特定性别的代谢综合征预防和干预计划具有启示意义。
