Zhou Huimin, Tang Li, Fenton Kristin A, Song Xiaobo
Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2025 Apr 14;101(5). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiaf046.
The gut ecosystem is closely related to human gastrointestinal health and overall wellness. Microbiome resilience refers to the capability of a microbial community to resist or recover from perturbations to its original state of balance. So far, there is no consensus on the criteria for assessing microbiome resilience. This article provides new insights into the metrics and techniques for resilience assessment. We discussed several potential parameters, such as microbiome structure, keystone species, biomarkers, persistence degree, recovery rate, and various research techniques in microbiology, metagenomics, biochemistry, and dynamic modeling. The article further explores the factors that influence the gut microbiome resilience. The microbiome structure (i.e. abundance and diversity), keystone species, and microbe-microbe interplays determine microbiome resilience. Microorganisms employ a variety of mechanisms to achieve the microbiome resilience, including flexible metabolism, quorum sensing, functional redundancy, microbial cooperation, and competition. Host-microbe interactions play a crucial role in maintaining microbiome stability and functionality. Unlike other articles, we focus on the regulation of host immune system on microbiome resilience. The immune system facilitates bacterial preservation and colonization, community construction, probiotic protection, and pathogen elimination through the mechanisms of immunological tolerance, immune-driven microbial compartmentalization, and immune inclusion and exclusion. Microbial immunomodulation indirectly modulates microbiome resilience.
肠道生态系统与人类胃肠道健康及整体健康密切相关。微生物群落恢复力是指微生物群落抵抗干扰或从干扰中恢复到其原始平衡状态的能力。到目前为止，关于评估微生物群落恢复力的标准尚无共识。本文为恢复力评估的指标和技术提供了新的见解。我们讨论了几个潜在参数，如微生物群落结构、关键物种、生物标志物、持久度、恢复率，以及微生物学、宏基因组学、生物化学和动态建模中的各种研究技术。本文进一步探讨了影响肠道微生物群落恢复力的因素。微生物群落结构（即丰度和多样性）、关键物种以及微生物间的相互作用决定了微生物群落恢复力。微生物采用多种机制来实现微生物群落恢复力，包括灵活的代谢、群体感应、功能冗余、微生物合作和竞争。宿主 - 微生物相互作用在维持微生物群落稳定性和功能方面起着至关重要的作用。与其他文章不同的是，我们关注宿主免疫系统对微生物群落恢复力的调节。免疫系统通过免疫耐受、免疫驱动的微生物区室化以及免疫包容和排斥机制，促进细菌的保存和定植、群落构建、益生菌保护以及病原体清除。微生物免疫调节间接调节微生物群落恢复力。
