Deng Shuangyi, Yang Liwei, Gao Li, Ning Chengcheng, Wang Shiyin, Zhang Wei
Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Technology in Northwest China, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Changji, China.
Anim Biosci. 2025 Oct;38(10):2111-2124. doi: 10.5713/ab.24.0915. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
The frozen semen has the significant advantages of long-term storage and long-range transportation. However, due to the low cryotolerance of boar sperm, the global utilization of frozen boar semen in artificial insemination was less than 1% until the year 2000.
In this study, the effects of five cryoprotectants at different concentrations on the cryotolerance of boar semen were evaluated when they were added separately, and the optimal concentrations for each cryoprotectant were determined, then their combined additive effects were further assessed.
At a glycerol (GLY) concentration of 5%, the quality of frozen-thawed sperm reached its maximum value, which was significantly higher than the 4% GLY group (p<0.05) and 0% GLY group (p<0.01). The straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), average path velocity (VAP), sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI), sperm acrosome integrity (SAI) and sperm mitochondrial activity (SMA) of the frozen-thawed sperm in treated egg yolk group exhibited significant improvements compared to the untreated egg yolk group (p<0.05). The total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), SPMI, SAI, and SMA of 2% Equex STM paste group were significantly higher than the rest groups (p<0.05). The TM, PM, VSL, VCL, and VAP of frozen-thawed sperm in the 250 nM and 300 nM Mitoquinone mesylate groups showed significant improvements compared to the other groups (p<0.05), and the reactive oxygen species levels in sperm cells were also significantly lower (p<0.05). The quality of frozen-thawed boar sperm in 0.6 mM L-ergothioneine group reached its peak value and was significantly higher than the rest groups (p<0.05). When these five cryoprotectants were used in combination, the quality of frozen-thawed boar sperm exhibited a significant improvement compared to when they were used individually (p<0.05). Utilizing the frozen-thawed boar semen to inseminate estrus sows, the reproductive performance of the sows did not differ significantly from the sows inseminated with fresh semen (p>0.05).
The optimized boar semen cryopreservation system can substantially enhance the quality of frozen-thawed boar sperm, making it suitable for artificial insemination in pig farm.
冷冻精液具有长期储存和远距离运输的显著优势。然而，由于公猪精子的耐冻性较低，直到2000年，冷冻公猪精液在人工授精中的全球利用率仍低于1%。
在本研究中，分别评估了五种不同浓度的冷冻保护剂单独添加时对公猪精液耐冻性的影响，确定了每种冷冻保护剂的最佳浓度，然后进一步评估它们的联合添加效果。
甘油（GLY）浓度为5%时，冻融精子质量达到最大值，显著高于4% GLY组（p<0.05）和0% GLY组（p<0.01）。与未处理蛋黄组相比，处理后蛋黄组冻融精子的直线速度（VSL）、曲线速度（VCL）、平均路径速度（VAP）、精子质膜完整性（SPMI）、精子顶体完整性（SAI）和精子线粒体活性（SMA）均有显著改善（p<0.05）。2% Equex STM糊剂组的总活力（TM）、前进活力（PM）、SPMI、SAI和SMA显著高于其他组（p<0.05）。与其他组相比，250 nM和300 nM甲磺酸米托醌组冻融精子的TM、PM、VSL、VCL和VAP有显著改善（p<0.05），精子细胞中的活性氧水平也显著降低（p<0.05）。0.6 mM L-硫辛酸组冻融公猪精子质量达到峰值，显著高于其他组（p<0.05）。当这五种冷冻保护剂联合使用时，冻融公猪精子质量与单独使用时相比有显著改善（p<0.05）。利用冻融公猪精液对发情母猪进行人工授精，母猪的繁殖性能与用新鲜精液人工授精的母猪相比无显著差异（p>0.05）。
优化后的公猪精液冷冻保存系统可显著提高冻融公猪精子的质量，使其适用于猪场的人工授精。
