Ngom Ronald Vougat, Ayissi Gaspard J, Akoussa Adonis M M, Laconi Andrea, Jajere Saleh M, Zangue Henriette A, Piccirillo Alessandra
School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon.
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2024 Nov 14;2024:8683715. doi: 10.1155/2024/8683715. eCollection 2024.
In Africa, livestock production plays a crucial role for sustainable food security and economic growth. However, the development of this sector has been delayed by livestock diseases, one of the main constraints, which can cause important production and economic losses. To overcome these constraints, farmers extensively use antimicrobials, which in turn can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the main threats to global health and food security. Biosecurity has been identified as a key strategy to reduce livestock diseases. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted according to the Cochrane guideline, aimed at determining the efficacy of biosecurity in preventing and controlling infectious diseases in livestock farms in Africa. Of the 1408 records retrieved from five different databases, only 16 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were conducted in Egypt (31.2%), Nigeria (31.2%), Uganda (18.8%), Ethiopia (12.5%) and Tunisia (6.3%) and concerned poultry (62.4%), pigs (18.8%) and cattle (18.8%). Investigations focused mainly on avian influenza (AI) (15.0%) and coccidiosis (10.0%) in poultry and African swine fever (ASF) (10.0%) in pigs. In poultry farms, the results of the pairwise meta-analysis showed that biosecurity measures related to visitors and farmworkers could be effective at reducing the risk of introduction and spread of AI viruses (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.28-0.82). Moreover, inadequate biosecurity seemed to be a factor promoting coccidiosis (OR = 4.20; 95% CI 2.4-7.4) and AI (OR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.23-2.48). Prevention of ASF was significantly associated with the application of biosecurity measures related to animals' transport, removal of carcasses and manure (OR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.12-0.88). Despite their importance, these findings cannot be translated to the entire African continent, since no studies were available for more than 90% of its countries. More research should be carried out to fill in the gaps identified by this review.
在非洲，畜牧业生产对可持续粮食安全和经济增长起着至关重要的作用。然而，该部门的发展因牲畜疾病而受阻，牲畜疾病是主要制约因素之一，会造成重大的生产和经济损失。为克服这些制约因素，农民广泛使用抗菌药物，这反过来又可能导致抗菌药物耐药性（AMR），这是对全球健康和粮食安全的主要威胁之一。生物安全已被确定为减少牲畜疾病的关键战略。因此，本次根据Cochrane指南进行的系统评价和荟萃分析，旨在确定生物安全在预防和控制非洲畜牧场传染病方面的效果。从五个不同数据库检索到的1408条记录中，只有16条符合纳入标准。这些研究在埃及（31.2%）、尼日利亚（31.2%）、乌干达（18.8%）、埃塞俄比亚（12.5%）和突尼斯（6.3%）进行，涉及家禽（62.4%）、猪（18.8%）和牛（18.8%）。调查主要集中在家禽的禽流感（AI）（15.0%）和球虫病（10.0%）以及猪的非洲猪瘟（ASF）（10.0%）上。在家禽养殖场，成对荟萃分析的结果表明，与访客和农场工人相关的生物安全措施可能有效降低AI病毒引入和传播的风险（优势比[OR]=0.48；95%置信区间[CI]0.28 - 0.82）。此外，生物安全措施不足似乎是促进球虫病（OR = 4.20；95% CI 2.4 - 7.4）和AI（OR = 1.74；95% CI 1.23 - 2.48）的一个因素。ASF的预防与实施与动物运输、尸体和粪便清除相关的生物安全措施显著相关（OR = 0.33；95% CI 0.12 - 0.88）。尽管这些发现很重要，但由于非洲超过90%的国家没有相关研究，这些结果不能推广到整个非洲大陆。应该开展更多研究来填补本综述所确定的空白。
