Vargas-Bermudez Diana S, Mainenti Marta, Naranjo-Ortiz María F, Mogollon José Darío, Piñeyro Pablo, Jaime Jairo
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá, CP 111321, Colombia.
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2024 May 16;2024:1471536. doi: 10.1155/2024/1471536. eCollection 2024.
Pigs are affected by various parvoviruses (PPVs); eight have been reported to date (PPV1-PPV8). Porcine parvovirus 1 is considered a primary agent of porcine reproductive failure (PRF), while it is unknown whether other PPVs impact porcine health. Recently, the presence of PPV2 has been confirmed in the lung, either as a single agent or in the form of coinfection with other respiratory; therefore, it has been proposed as a potential participant in the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). In the present study, the presence of PPV2 alone and coinfection with other viruses (PCV2, PCV3, and PRRSV) was evaluated in lung samples obtained from pigs with respiratory signs (respiratory group: RG) ( = 146) and stillborn lungs (stillborn group: SG) ( = 19) from 82 farms in the five regions with the highest swine production in Colombia. The overall PPV2 prevalence was 37.6% (62/165), with the highest proportion mainly detected in grow-finisher pigs (62.5%), while its herd prevalence was 51.2% (42/82). The most prevalent virus was PRRSV in both groups, while PPV2 alone was found only in the RG group. The most common dual coinfection in the RG and SG was PCV2/PRRSV (17.8% and 10.5%), while the most frequent coinfections involving PPV2 in the RG were PPV2/PCV2 (7.5%) and PPV2/PRRSV (4%) and PPV2/PCV2 (5.3%) in the SG. The most common triple coinfection was PPV2/PCV2/PRRSV at 15% in the RG and 21% in the SG, while quadruple coinfection PVV2/PCV2/PCV3/PRRSV was detected only in the RG (5.5%). Histopathological evaluation of 21 PPV2-positive lungs showed variable degrees of histiocytic or lymphohistiocytic interstitial pneumonia (9%) in the RG, while no significant changes were observed in SG; in addition, neutrophilic bronchopneumonia was observed in 73.7% if cases evaluated. hybridization-RNAScope® confirmed the presence of PPV2 within pulmonary lesions in 2/19 RG pigs, while no detection was observed in the SG pigs. The phylogenetic evaluation of seven PPV2 sequences detected in Colombia was compared with another 102 reported sequences, indicating that the Colombian strains are located in clade 2. Our results confirm the presence of PPV2 in pigs with PRDC alone and pigs coinfected with PCV2, PCV3, and PRRSV. Likewise, its presence alone or in coinfection in stillbirths suggests that PPV2 is also involved in PRF.
猪会受到多种细小病毒（PPV）的影响；迄今为止已报道了8种（PPV1 - PPV8）。猪细小病毒1被认为是猪繁殖障碍（PRF）的主要病原体，而其他PPV是否影响猪的健康尚不清楚。最近，已在肺部证实存在PPV2，其可为单一病原体，也可与其他呼吸道病原体形成混合感染；因此，有人提出它可能是猪呼吸道疾病综合征（PRDC）的潜在致病因素。在本研究中，对来自哥伦比亚养猪量最高的五个地区82个农场的有呼吸道症状的猪（呼吸道组：RG）（n = 146）和死胎肺（死胎组：SG）（n = 19）的肺样本中PPV2单独存在情况以及与其他病毒（PCV2、PCV3和PRRSV）的混合感染情况进行了评估。PPV2的总体患病率为37.6%（62/165），其中最高比例主要在生长育肥猪中检测到（62.5%），而其群体患病率为51.2%（42/82）。两组中最常见的病毒都是PRRSV，而仅在RG组中发现了单独的PPV2。RG组和SG组中最常见的双重混合感染是PCV2/PRRSV（分别为17.8%和10.5%），而RG组中涉及PPV2的最常见混合感染是PPV2/PCV2（7.5%）和PPV2/PRRSV（4%），SG组中是PPV2/PCV2（5.3%）。最常见的三重混合感染是PPV2/PCV2/PRRSV，在RG组中为15%，在SG组中为21%，而四重混合感染PVV2/PCV2/PCV3/PRRSV仅在RG组中检测到（5.5%）。对21个PPV2阳性肺组织的组织病理学评估显示，RG组中有不同程度的组织细胞性或淋巴细胞 - 组织细胞性间质性肺炎（9%），而SG组未观察到明显变化；此外，在评估的病例中有73.7%观察到中性粒细胞性支气管肺炎。RNAscope®原位杂交证实，在19头RG猪中有2头的肺部病变中存在PPV2，而在SG猪中未检测到。将在哥伦比亚检测到的7个PPV2序列的系统发育评估结果与另外102个已报道序列进行比较，表明哥伦比亚毒株位于进化枝2中。我们的结果证实了PPV2单独存在于患有PRDC的猪以及与PCV2、PCV3和PRRSV混合感染的猪中。同样，其单独存在或在死胎中混合感染表明PPV2也与PRF有关。
