Qu Jiaorong, Li Jianan, Wang Hong, Lan Jianhang, Huo Zixuan, Li Xiaojiaoyang
School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
Theranostics. 2025 Apr 9;15(11):5138-5152. doi: 10.7150/thno.110120. eCollection 2025.
In eukaryotic cells, intracellular and extracellular vesicle transport systems are ubiquitous and tightly linked. This process involves well-defined initiation and termination points, as well as mechanisms for vesicle recycling. During transport, cytoskeletal components serve as "roads" to prevent disordered vesicular movement and to ensure efficient transport, particularly through microtubules. Microtubules primarily facilitate the long-distance transport of vesicles. The dynamic nature of microtubule structure makes its stability sensitive to proteins, drugs, and post-translational modifications such as acetylation, which in turn regulate microtubule-dependent vesicular transport. Furthermore, motor proteins interact with microtubules and bind to cargoes their tail domains, driving vesicle transport along microtubules and determining the directionality of movement. To elucidate the detailed processes and mechanisms of microtubules-regulated long-distance vesicle transport, providing a comprehensive overview of current research in this area. This review provides an in-depth analysis of microtubule-mediated vesicle transport, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms involved. It examines vesicle transport between organelles, the impact of microtubule characteristics on this process, and the role of motor proteins in vesicle dynamics. Additionally, it summarizes diseases associated with abnormal microtubule-mediated vesicle transport, aiming to offer insights for the treatment of related conditions.
在真核细胞中，细胞内和细胞外囊泡运输系统无处不在且紧密相连。这一过程涉及明确的起始和终止点，以及囊泡回收机制。在运输过程中，细胞骨架成分充当“道路”，以防止囊泡无序移动并确保高效运输，特别是通过微管。微管主要促进囊泡的长距离运输。微管结构的动态性质使其稳定性对蛋白质、药物以及诸如乙酰化等翻译后修饰敏感，而这些反过来又调节微管依赖性囊泡运输。此外，运动蛋白与微管相互作用并在其尾部结构域结合货物，驱动囊泡沿微管运输并确定运动方向。为了阐明微管调节的长距离囊泡运输的详细过程和机制，本文全面概述了该领域的当前研究。本综述深入分析了微管介导的囊泡运输，强调了其中涉及的分子机制。它研究了细胞器之间的囊泡运输、微管特性对这一过程的影响以及运动蛋白在囊泡动态变化中的作用。此外，它总结了与微管介导的囊泡运输异常相关的疾病，旨在为治疗相关病症提供见解。
