Barlan Kari, Gelfand Vladimir I
Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 May 1;9(5):a025817. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025817.
SUMMARYMicrotubules provide long tracks along which a broad range of organelles and vesicles are transported by kinesin and dynein motors. Motor protein complexes also tether cargoes to cytoskeletal filaments, helping facilitate their interaction and communication. The generation of biochemically distinct microtubule subpopulations allows subsets of motors to recognize a given microtubule identity, allowing further organization within the cytoplasm. Both transport and tethering are spatiotemporally regulated through multiple modes, including acute modification of both motor-cargo and motor-track associations by various physiological signals. Strict regulation of intracellular transport is particularly important in specialized cell types such as neurons. Here, we review general mechanisms by which cargo transport is controlled and also highlight examples of transport regulated by multiple mechanisms.
摘要
微管提供了长轨道，多种细胞器和囊泡通过驱动蛋白和动力蛋白沿着这些轨道运输。运动蛋白复合物还将货物拴系到细胞骨架丝上，有助于促进它们之间的相互作用和通讯。生化性质不同的微管子群体的产生使运动蛋白亚群能够识别特定的微管身份，从而在细胞质内实现进一步的组织化。运输和拴系都通过多种模式在时空上受到调节，包括各种生理信号对运动蛋白-货物和运动蛋白-轨道关联的急性修饰。在神经元等特殊细胞类型中，严格调节细胞内运输尤为重要。在这里，我们综述了控制货物运输的一般机制，并突出了由多种机制调节运输的实例。
