Ez-Zari Ayoub, Farouk Laila, Mezzoug Nadya, Mennane Zakaria, Bouti Khalid, El Mtili Noureddine
Department of Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Health (UAE/U06FS), Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Faculty of Science, Tetouan, MAR.
Pulmonology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Tangier, MAR.
Cureus. 2025 Mar 30;17(3):e81467. doi: 10.7759/cureus.81467. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Morocco, specifically in the Tangier-Tetouan-Al-Hoceima region, which includes the city of Tetouan. Although the improvement in the epidemiological situation in Tetouan over the past two decades, this remains insufficient to achieve the ultimate goal of eradicating tuberculosis. The present study describes and analyzes tuberculosis's epidemiological status in Tetouan between 2015 and 2022 to understand the evolution of infection, especially before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A retrospective study was conducted on tuberculosis patients registered in Tetouan from January 2015 to December 2022. Data on demographic characteristics and clinical tuberculosis presentations were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), with significance determined at a p-value < 0.05.
A total of 6,397 TB cases were reported between 2015 and 2022, with an average incidence rate of 127.33 per 100,000 inhabitants. Males were more frequently affected, with a sex ratio of 1.64. The majority of cases occurred in young adults (15-34 years), with an average patient age of 39.69 years. New cases accounted for 5,751 (89.90%) of the total. Intra-pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common form, representing 3,612 cases (56.50%), of which 3,038 (88.39%) were bacteriologically confirmed. Among extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases, pleural tuberculosis was the most prevalent, affecting 1,220 patients (43.79%). The cure rate was 5,236 (89.87%), while mortality remained below 3% (159 cases). The treatment dropout rate was 4.28% (249 cases). The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decline in TB notifications and an increase in the number of patients lost to follow-up.
Despite the favorable epidemiological evolution of the disease in Tetouan, many efforts are essential for more case detection and to overcome the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
结核病是摩洛哥的一个主要公共卫生问题，特别是在包括得土安市在内的丹吉尔-得土安-胡塞马地区。尽管过去二十年来得土安的流行病学状况有所改善，但这仍不足以实现根除结核病的最终目标。本研究描述并分析了2015年至2022年期间得土安的结核病流行病学状况，以了解感染情况的演变，特别是在新冠疫情之前和期间。
对2015年1月至2022年12月在得土安登记的结核病患者进行了一项回顾性研究。使用IBM SPSS Statistics软件（美国纽约州阿蒙克市IBM公司）分析了人口统计学特征和临床结核病表现的数据，显著性水平确定为p值<0.05。
2015年至2022年期间共报告了6397例结核病病例，平均发病率为每10万居民127.33例。男性受影响更频繁，性别比为1.64。大多数病例发生在年轻人（15 - 34岁）中，患者平均年龄为39.69岁。新病例占总数的5751例（89.90%）。肺结核是最常见的形式，有3612例（56.50%），其中3038例（88.39%）经细菌学确诊。在肺外结核病例中，结核性胸膜炎最为普遍，影响了1220名患者（43.79%）。治愈率为5236例（89.87%），而死亡率仍低于3%（159例）。治疗中断率为4.28%（249例）。新冠疫情导致结核病报告数量显著下降，失访患者数量增加。
尽管得土安的结核病流行病学状况呈有利演变，但仍需做出许多努力以进行更多病例检测并克服新冠疫情的影响。
