Abozeid Hassanein H
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2023 Nov 29;2023:1144924. doi: 10.1155/2023/1144924. eCollection 2023.
Infectious bronchitis is an acute, extremely contagious viral disease affecting chickens of all ages, leading to devastating economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Affected chickens show respiratory distress and/or nephritis, in addition to decrease of egg production and quality in layers. The avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a rapidly evolving virus due to the high frequency of mutations and recombination events that are common in coronaviruses. This leads to the continual emergence of novel genotypes that show variable or poor crossprotection. The immune response against IBV is complex. Passive, innate and adaptive humoral and cellular immunity play distinct roles in protection against IBV. Despite intensive vaccination using the currently available live-attenuated and inactivated IBV vaccines, IBV continues to circulate, evolve, and trigger outbreaks worldwide, indicating the urgent need to update the current vaccines to control the emerging variants. Different approaches for preparation of IBV vaccines, including DNA, subunit, peptides, virus-like particles, vectored and recombinant vaccines, have been tested in many studies to combat the disease. This review focuses on several key aspects related to IBV, including its clinical significance, the functional structure of the virus, the factors that contribute to its evolution and diversity, the types of immune responses against IBV, and the characteristics of both current and emerging IBV vaccines. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of IBV and explore the emergence of variants, their dissemination around the world, and the challenges to define the efficient vaccination strategies.
传染性支气管炎是一种急性、极具传染性的病毒性疾病，可感染各年龄段的鸡，给全球家禽业带来巨大经济损失。患病鸡除了会出现呼吸窘迫和/或肾炎外，蛋鸡还会出现产蛋量和蛋品质下降的情况。禽冠状病毒，即传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV），由于冠状病毒中常见的高频率突变和重组事件，是一种快速进化的病毒。这导致新基因型不断出现，其交叉保护作用可变或较差。针对IBV的免疫反应很复杂。被动免疫、固有免疫以及适应性体液免疫和细胞免疫在抵御IBV方面发挥着不同作用。尽管使用目前可用的减毒活疫苗和灭活IBV疫苗进行了密集接种，但IBV仍在全球范围内传播、进化并引发疫情，这表明迫切需要更新现有疫苗以控制新出现的变异株。许多研究已经测试了制备IBV疫苗的不同方法，包括DNA疫苗、亚单位疫苗、肽疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗、载体疫苗和重组疫苗，以对抗这种疾病。本综述重点关注与IBV相关的几个关键方面，包括其临床意义、病毒的功能结构、导致其进化和多样性的因素、针对IBV的免疫反应类型以及现有和新出现的IBV疫苗的特点。目的是全面了解IBV，并探讨变异株的出现、它们在全球的传播以及确定有效疫苗接种策略所面临的挑战。
