Herrero-García Gloria, Acevedo Pelayo, Quirós Pablo, Prieto Miguel, Romero Beatriz, Amado Javier, Queipo Manuel Antonio, Gortázar Christian, Balseiro Ana
Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León 24071, Spain.
SaBio-IREC (CSIC-UCLM), Ciudad Real 13071, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2023 Feb 23;2023:2147191. doi: 10.1155/2023/2147191. eCollection 2023.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious chronic disease due to infection with complex (MTC) bacteria. Monitoring of wildlife, especially potential reservoirs, is important for detecting changes in disease occurrence and assessing the impact of interventions. Here, we examined whether wild boar () may contribute to the re-emergence of TB in Asturias (10,604 km), northern Spain. Although this province was declared free of TB in cattle in November 2021, MTC bacteria remain prevalent in several "hotspots," with the European badger () suggested as a TB potential wild reservoir. Drawing on data from the Spanish National Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Program and the Government of the Principality of Asturias covering the period 2014-2020, we analyzed the prevalence of TB in cattle and wild boar in this region. In hotspots (592 km), we also investigated the ranging behavior and habitat use of five cows that belonged to farms with a history of TB and six trapped sympatric wild boar. During the observation period, TB prevalence was 0.14% among cattle overall and 0.13-0.41% in hotspots, which was much lower than the prevalence in wild boar, which was 3.15% overall and 5.23-5.96% in hotspots. Infected cattle and infected wild boar in hotspots shared the same strains of , and GPS tracking showed spatiotemporal overlap between the species, mainly around pastures during sunrise (06:00-07:00 h) and sunset (19:00-20:00 h). Our results suggest that in addition to cattle and badgers, wild boar possibly help maintain TB in northern Spain, increasing the host richness that influences TB transmission risk in the area, which should be taken into account in monitoring and eradication efforts.
结核病（TB）是一种由复合分枝杆菌（MTC）感染引起的传染性慢性病。监测野生动物，尤其是潜在宿主，对于检测疾病发生的变化和评估干预措施的影响至关重要。在此，我们研究了野猪（ ）是否可能促使西班牙北部阿斯图里亚斯（面积10,604平方千米）的结核病再次出现。尽管该省在2021年11月宣布牛群无结核病，但MTC细菌在几个“热点地区”仍然普遍存在，欧洲獾（ ）被认为是结核病的潜在野生宿主。利用西班牙国家牛结核病根除计划和阿斯图里亚斯公国政府在2014年至2020年期间的数据，我们分析了该地区牛和野猪的结核病患病率。在热点地区（592平方千米），我们还调查了五头来自有结核病历史农场的奶牛和六头捕获的同域野猪的活动范围行为和栖息地利用情况。在观察期内，牛群总体结核病患病率为0.14%，热点地区为0.13 - 0.41%，远低于野猪的患病率，野猪总体患病率为3.15%，热点地区为5.23 - 5.96%。热点地区受感染的牛和受感染的野猪携带相同的 菌株，GPS追踪显示这两个物种在时空上有重叠，主要在日出（06:00 - 07:00时）和日落（19:00 - 20:00时）前后的牧场周围。我们的结果表明，除了牛和獾之外，野猪可能也有助于在西班牙北部维持结核病的传播，增加了影响该地区结核病传播风险的宿主种类，这在监测和根除工作中应予以考虑。
