Lee Seung-Hoon, Han Changsu, Shin Cheolmin
Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
Pharmacol Res. 2025 Jun;216:107749. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2025.107749. Epub 2025 Apr 28.
The human gut microbiome, composed of a vast array of microorganisms that have co-evolved with humans, is crucial for the development and function of brain systems. Research has consistently shown bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain through neuronal, endocrine, and immunological, and chemical pathways. Recent neuroscience studies have linked changes in the microbiome and microbial metabolites to various neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and neurocognitive disorders. Novel metagenome-wide association studies have confirmed these microbiome variations in large samples and expanded our understanding of the interactions between human genes and the gut microbiome. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders is being elucidated through the establishment of large cohort studies incorporating microbiome data and advanced statistical techniques. Ongoing animal and human studies focused on the microbiota-gut-brain axis are promising for developing new prevention and treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric conditions. The scope of these studies has broadened from microbiome-modulating therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics to more extensive approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have strengthened the evidence base for these innovative treatments. Despite extensive research over the past decade, many intriguing aspects still need to be elucidated regarding the role and therapeutic interventions of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders.
人类肠道微生物群由大量与人类共同进化的微生物组成，对大脑系统的发育和功能至关重要。研究一直表明，肠道与大脑之间通过神经、内分泌、免疫和化学途径进行双向交流。最近的神经科学研究已将微生物群和微生物代谢物的变化与各种神经精神疾病联系起来，如自闭症、抑郁症、焦虑症、精神分裂症、饮食失调和神经认知障碍。新的全基因组关联研究在大样本中证实了这些微生物群的变化，并扩展了我们对人类基因与肠道微生物群之间相互作用的理解。通过建立纳入微生物群数据和先进统计技术的大型队列研究，正在阐明肠道微生物群与神经精神疾病之间的因果关系。正在进行的聚焦于微生物群-肠道-大脑轴的动物和人体研究有望为神经精神疾病开发新的预防和治疗策略。这些研究的范围已从包括益生元、益生菌、合生元和后生元在内的微生物群调节疗法扩展到更广泛的方法，如粪便微生物群移植。最近的系统评价和荟萃分析加强了这些创新疗法的证据基础。尽管在过去十年中进行了广泛研究，但关于微生物群-肠道-大脑轴在神经精神疾病中的作用和治疗干预，仍有许多有趣的方面有待阐明。
