Rea Elizabeth M, Bohnert Amy M, Crowley Stephanie J
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Mental Health, Milwaukee VAMC, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Sleep Health. 2025 Jun;11(3):317-325. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2025.03.003. Epub 2025 Apr 29.
Adolescents in the United States do not typically attain enough sleep at night due to a combination of factors, including biological maturation and academic and social commitments. This lack of sleep leads to poor cognitive, mental, and physical health outcomes. Naps may compensate for inadequate sleep, however, little is known about how napping affects nocturnal sleep and mood over time among adolescents who are poor sleepers.
The present study used daily diary and actigraphy data collected over 15days in a sample of late- and short-sleeping adolescents (n=99; M=15.9years; 55% Female; 46% White, 30% Black, and 24% Multiracial/Other). Multilevel modeling was utilized to examine daily associations between daytime napping and subsequent nocturnal sleep outcomes, controlling for previous night sleep. Sex was explored as a moderator.
The majority of participants (76%) napped at least once during the study period, and almost one-fifth of the sample demonstrated "habitual" or frequent napping. Nap occurrence was associated with a decrease in total sleep time by 27 minutes as well as later sleep onset time that night. Later nap offset time was associated with later nocturnal sleep onset time, and longer nap duration was associated with later nocturnal sleep onset time and lower sleep efficiency. Napping was unrelated to affect. Sex did not moderate any relations between napping and nocturnal sleep or affect.
The findings indicate that napping is common and generally associated with worse nocturnal sleep outcomes among a sample of late- and short-sleeping adolescents.
由于多种因素共同作用，包括生物成熟、学业和社交任务，美国青少年夜间通常睡眠不足。这种睡眠不足会导致认知、心理和身体健康状况不佳。小睡可能会弥补睡眠不足，然而，对于睡眠不佳的青少年，小睡如何随时间影响夜间睡眠和情绪，人们知之甚少。
本研究使用了在晚睡和睡眠不足的青少年样本（n = 99；平均年龄15.9岁；55%为女性；46%为白人，30%为黑人，24%为多种族/其他种族）中收集的为期15天的每日日记和活动记录仪数据。采用多层次模型来检验白天小睡与随后夜间睡眠结果之间的每日关联，并控制前一晚的睡眠情况。将性别作为一个调节变量进行探讨。
在研究期间，大多数参与者（76%）至少小睡过一次，近五分之一的样本表现出“习惯性”或频繁小睡。小睡的发生与总睡眠时间减少27分钟以及当晚入睡时间推迟有关。小睡结束时间较晚与夜间入睡时间较晚有关，小睡持续时间较长与夜间入睡时间较晚和睡眠效率较低有关。小睡与情绪无关。性别并未调节小睡与夜间睡眠或情绪之间的任何关系。
研究结果表明，在晚睡和睡眠不足的青少年样本中，小睡很常见，并且通常与较差的夜间睡眠结果有关。
