Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Brain Research Imaging Center, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, CF24-4HQ, United Kingdom.
Sleep Med. 2021 Jul;83:115-122. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.016. Epub 2021 Apr 19.
The prevalence of chronic sleep restriction during adolescence is a major public health issue. Napping has been adopted to alleviate sleep pressure complaints. However, it also has the potential to amplify sleep restriction due to a vicious cycle triggered by delayed sleep times. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep and napping habits in a sample of Brazilian adolescents.
This study enrolled 1554 high school students and included the evaluation of sleep times, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and circadian preference. The students were asked about their napping routine, ie its frequency and duration per week.
The adolescent sleep recommendation was achieved by only 27.6% of the sample. Napping habit was reported by 58.1%, with 36.2% of nappers informing naps in 1-2 times per week. Prolonged naps were reported by 44.9% of nappers. Nappers had later median bedtime (23:30) and reduced time in bed (TIB) (median = 07:00 h) compared to non-nappers. The frequency of nappers who did not achieve satisfactory TIB was higher than non-nappers. In addition, nappers reported increased daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality. Later bedtimes and reduced TIB were associated with longer nap duration. Increased sleepiness and poor sleep quality were linked to a higher nap frequency.
This exploratory survey demonstrated a severe sleep restriction faced by Brazilian adolescents. Napping can be an efficient strategy to counteract sleep restriction, but it needs to be adopted with caution due to the detrimental effects of frequent and prolonged naps on nocturnal sleep.
青少年慢性睡眠限制的流行是一个主要的公共卫生问题。小睡已被采用来缓解睡眠压力的抱怨。然而，由于睡眠延迟引发的恶性循环，它也有可能加剧睡眠限制。本研究的目的是调查巴西青少年的睡眠和小睡习惯。
本研究纳入了 1554 名高中生，评估了睡眠时间、白天嗜睡、睡眠质量和昼夜节律偏好。学生被问及他们的小睡习惯，即每周小睡的频率和持续时间。
只有 27.6%的样本达到了青少年的睡眠建议。小睡习惯被 58.1%的人报告，其中 36.2%的小睡者每周小睡 1-2 次。44.9%的小睡者报告了长时间小睡。小睡者的中位数就寝时间较晚（23:30），睡眠时间（TIB）较短（中位数=07:00），与非小睡者相比。未达到满意 TIB 的小睡者的频率高于非小睡者。此外，小睡者报告白天嗜睡和睡眠质量差。较晚的就寝时间和较短的 TIB 与较长的小睡持续时间有关。增加的嗜睡和较差的睡眠质量与较高的小睡频率有关。
这项探索性调查显示，巴西青少年面临严重的睡眠限制。小睡可以是一种有效的策略来对抗睡眠限制，但由于频繁和长时间小睡对夜间睡眠的不利影响，需要谨慎采用。
