Community-Based Group Exercises and Depression Prevention Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Physical activity and social support are recognized as contributing to preventing depression. Community-based group exercises are activities that combines both functions. Fewer studies have examined the association between community-based group exercises and the depression severity of middle-aged and older adults. In this study, we were trying to estimate such correlation and explore the potential mechanisms. Data from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement was analyzed (N = 17,481). Participation in community-based group exercises and depression severity were self-reported by the surveyed middle-aged and older adults. The ordered probit model was used to analyze the association between participation in community-based group exercises and depression severity. Compared with middle-aged and older adults who did not participate in community-based group exercises, those who engaged in such activities exhibited improved depression severity in the current year (coefficient = 0.229, p < 0.01) and two years later (coefficient = 0.199, p < 0.01). The relationship was more pronounced among women. Improved physical fitness and more frequent visits to neighbors and relatives for social support are potential mechanisms. In addition to medical interventions, social support and physical fitness are effective strategies for depression prevention. Policymakers could enhance the mental health of middle-aged and older adults, particularly among women, by encouraging participation in community-based group exercises. This is particularly important in rapidly ageing societies.