Slade Aimy, Reily Natalie M, Fujimoto Hiroko, Seidler Zac E, Christensen Helen, Shand Fiona, Tang Samantha
Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Apr 30;25(1):1593. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22676-6.
Men represent the majority of suicide deaths globally and men are more likely to die by suicide without contact with formal mental health services. In Australia, three-quarters of suicide deaths are men. If services were better able to meet their needs, men might be more likely to seek help. In this scoping review, we sought to describe the formal and informal service landscape for men at risk of suicide in Australia, and to determine the extent of research evidence for the effectiveness of these in lowering suicidality, and improving mental health or help-seeking behaviours. We limited our investigation to Australian services, in order to comprehensively identify all community and health system services.
Relevant services and initiatives in Australia were identified through multiple methods: (1) a hand search of key websites and directories; (2) a systematic search of PsycINFO, Cochrane Central, EmBASE, and PubMed; and (3) suggestions by researchers, consumers and clinicians. Evaluations were also identified using multiple methods, including the initial systematic search, targeted website searches, and via multiple search engines. Findings are presented using narrative synthesis.
Included services and initiatives (N = 88) were diverse in their characteristics (e.g., cost to the user, mode of delivery, location), however, there was considerable overlap in the types of components offered. Awareness and education were the most commonly offered (84.1% of services and initiatives). Only 22.7% of services and initiatives had been formally evaluated and existing evaluations varied in quality. Pre-post intervention designs were most often used, and only three evaluations assessed outcomes in a randomised controlled trial.
The service landscape for Australian men is broad. However, there appears to be substantial overlap in the components offered by services and initiatives. The prevalence of awareness and education-based offerings is disproportionate to evidence about men's preferences for support. There is a lack of high-quality evaluations. We conclude that the cohesiveness of men's suicide prevention approaches must improve through service development and policy.
在全球范围内，男性自杀死亡人数占多数，而且男性更有可能在未接触正规心理健康服务的情况下自杀身亡。在澳大利亚，四分之三的自杀死亡者为男性。如果服务机构能够更好地满足他们的需求，男性可能更愿意寻求帮助。在这项范围综述中，我们试图描述澳大利亚有自杀风险男性的正规和非正规服务情况，并确定这些服务在降低自杀倾向、改善心理健康或寻求帮助行为方面有效性的研究证据程度。我们将调查限于澳大利亚的服务，以便全面识别所有社区和卫生系统服务。
通过多种方法识别澳大利亚的相关服务和举措：（1）人工搜索关键网站和目录；（2）系统搜索心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）、考科蓝中心对照试验注册库（Cochrane Central）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（EmBASE）和医学期刊数据库（PubMed）；（3）研究人员、消费者和临床医生的建议。还通过多种方法识别评估，包括最初的系统搜索、有针对性的网站搜索以及通过多个搜索引擎。研究结果采用叙述性综合法呈现。
纳入的服务和举措（N = 88）在其特征（例如，用户成本、提供方式、地点）方面各不相同，然而，所提供的组成部分类型存在相当大的重叠。意识和教育是最常提供的（84.1%的服务和举措）。只有22.7%的服务和举措经过了正式评估，现有评估质量参差不齐。干预前后设计是最常用的，只有三项评估在随机对照试验中评估了结果。
澳大利亚男性的服务范围广泛。然而，服务和举措所提供的组成部分似乎存在大量重叠。基于意识和教育的服务提供比例与男性对支持的偏好证据不成比例。缺乏高质量的评估。我们得出结论，必须通过服务发展和政策来提高男性自杀预防方法的凝聚力。
