Kurak Kemal, İlbak İsmail, Stojanović Stefan, Bayer Ramazan, İlbak Yunus Emre, Kasicki Krzysztof, Ambroży Tadeusz, Rydzik Łukasz, Czarny Wojciech
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Türkiye.
Institute of Health Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye.
Front Physiol. 2025 Apr 16;16:1589740. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1589740. eCollection 2025.
Considering the impact of individual differences on athletes' performance, chronotype emerges as a crucial variable in training program design. Chronotype influences an individual's ability to achieve peak physical and cognitive performance at different times of the day based on their biological rhythms. While numerous studies have explored the relationship between chronotype and physical performance, its effect on reaction time performance remains insufficiently investigated. In sports, where reaction time is a key determinant-such as in boxing-understanding this relationship could contribute to the personalization of training programs. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine how the visual reaction performance of active boxers varies at different times of the day based on their chronotypes.
Twenty-four active boxers participated in the study. Their chronotypes were determined using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, categorizing them as either morning type (M-type) or evening type (E-type). The participants were divided into two groups: M-type (n = 12) and E-type (n = 12). Each participant completed a visual reaction time (VRT) performance test at three different times of the day: morning (09:00 h), afternoon (13:00 h), and evening (17:00 h).
The findings revealed a statistically significant group × time interaction effect on VRT performance (p < 0.01). M-type athletes showed a significant decline in VRT performance during the evening compared to the morning and afternoon. In contrast, E-type athletes demonstrated significantly better performance in the evening compared to the morning.
Boxers' visual reaction time performance varies throughout the day depending on their chronotype. These results suggest that coaches and exercise specialists should consider athletes' chronotypes when designing training programs focused on reaction time enhancement. To optimize performance, it is recommended that M-type athletes conduct such training sessions in the morning, while E-type athletes should train in the evening, when their reaction time performance tends to peak.
考虑到个体差异对运动员表现的影响，生物钟类型成为训练计划设计中的一个关键变量。生物钟类型会影响个体根据自身生物钟节律在一天中不同时间达到身体和认知表现峰值的能力。虽然众多研究探讨了生物钟类型与身体表现之间的关系，但其对反应时间表现的影响仍研究不足。在反应时间是关键决定因素的运动项目中，如拳击，了解这种关系有助于训练计划的个性化。因此，本横断面研究的目的是基于活跃拳击运动员的生物钟类型，研究其视觉反应表现如何在一天中的不同时间变化。
24名活跃拳击运动员参与了本研究。使用晨型-夜型问卷确定他们的生物钟类型，将其分为晨型（M型）或夜型（E型）。参与者被分为两组：M型（n = 12）和E型（n = 12）。每位参与者在一天中的三个不同时间完成视觉反应时间（VRT）表现测试：上午（09:00）、下午（13:00）和晚上（17:00）。
研究结果显示，在VRT表现上存在显著的组×时间交互效应（p < 0.01）。与上午和下午相比，M型运动员在晚上的VRT表现显著下降。相比之下，E型运动员在晚上的表现明显优于上午。
拳击运动员的视觉反应时间表现因生物钟类型而异。这些结果表明，教练和运动专家在设计旨在提高反应时间的训练计划时应考虑运动员的生物钟类型。为了优化表现，建议M型运动员在上午进行此类训练课程，而E型运动员应在晚上训练，此时他们的反应时间表现往往达到峰值。
