Capra Maria Elena, Biasucci Giacomo, Travaglia Elisa, Sodero Roberta, Banderali Giuseppe, Pederiva Cristina
Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy.
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2025 Mar 28;12(4):427. doi: 10.3390/children12040427.
Dietary fiber is present in many food categories (fruits, cereals, vegetables, legumes), and is considered a beneficial component of adult and children's diets. It is now well-established that dietary intervention is the first line of treatment for childhood dyslipidemia, both as a curative intervention (Familial Hyperchylomicronemia Syndrome, Sitosterolemia) and as an appropriate lifestyle aimed at improving the lipid profile in dyslipidemia, which is associated with early atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood (Familial Hypercholesterolemia, overweight- and obesity-related dyslipidemia). In this paper, we reviewed the main consensus documents to determine the current indications for its use in children and adolescents, and analyzed the few specific papers on the subject in the literature to assess how fiber is currently used in the treatment of pediatric dyslipidemia, what precautions should be taken, and what the main benefits of fiber are on the lipid profile and cardiovascular risk.
膳食纤维存在于许多食物类别中（水果、谷物、蔬菜、豆类），并被认为是成人和儿童饮食中的有益成分。现在已经明确，饮食干预是儿童血脂异常的一线治疗方法，既作为一种治疗性干预措施（家族性高乳糜微粒血症综合征、谷甾醇血症），也作为一种旨在改善血脂异常患者血脂状况的适当生活方式，血脂异常与早期动脉粥样硬化以及成年期心血管疾病风险增加相关（家族性高胆固醇血症、超重和肥胖相关血脂异常）。在本文中，我们回顾了主要的共识文件，以确定其在儿童和青少年中使用的当前适应证，并分析了文献中关于该主题的少数特定论文，以评估目前纤维在小儿血脂异常治疗中的使用方式、应采取哪些预防措施以及纤维对血脂状况和心血管风险的主要益处。
