Liu Shengjun, Wang Luoyun, Zhang Xiang, Sun Lifang, Ke Fuzhi, Huang Yue, Song Lizhi, Ye Haiping, Xu Jianguo, Xu Yuantao, Wang Xia, Deng Xiuxin, Liu Gaoping, Xu Qiang
National Key laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan street No.1, Wuhan 430070, China.
The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yushanping street No.1, Taizhou 318020, China.
Hortic Res. 2025 May 1;12(5):uhaf015. doi: 10.1093/hr/uhaf015. eCollection 2025 May.
Satsuma mandarin ( "Unshiu") is a global cultivar with superior fruit characteristics and ranking among the top citrus cultivars in terms of production. It is also a key contributor to citrus breeding. However, the lack of high-quality genome makes the origin of Satsuma mandarin has long been a matter of debate. Here, we assembled a gap-free, high-quality genome of Satsuma mandarin. Meanwhile, we collected and sequenced 15 indigenous citrus varieties in Zhejiang Province, 12 Satsuma mandarins, 21 citrus hybrids related to Satsuma mandarin, 10 modern citrus varieties, and 7 other mandarins. Through high-resolution genome analysis, we inferred that Satsuma mandarin originated from a cross between "Ruju" × "Bendiguang" and proposed that Satsuma mandarin most probably originated in East area in Zhejiang Province of China, where the two parents-like cultivars are still found in a sympatric region to date. These results provide new insights into the origin model of Satsuma mandarin. The spread of mandarin is also discussed, which probably associated with the culture exchange and trade activities between Japan and China from Tang Dynasty and afterwards.
温州蜜柑（“宫川”）是一种具有优良果实特性的全球栽培品种，在产量方面位居柑橘栽培品种前列。它也是柑橘育种的关键贡献者。然而，由于缺乏高质量的基因组，温州蜜柑的起源长期以来一直存在争议。在此，我们组装了一个无缺口的高质量温州蜜柑基因组。同时，我们收集并测序了浙江省的15个本土柑橘品种、12个温州蜜柑、21个与温州蜜柑相关的柑橘杂交种、10个现代柑橘品种以及7个其他柑橘品种。通过高分辨率基因组分析，我们推断温州蜜柑起源于“乳橘”ד本地广”的杂交，并提出温州蜜柑最有可能起源于中国浙江省东部地区，至今仍能在该同域地区找到这两个亲本品种。这些结果为温州蜜柑的起源模型提供了新的见解。文中还讨论了柑橘的传播，这可能与唐朝及之后日本和中国之间的文化交流和贸易活动有关。
