Weyessa Sahilu Tesfaye, Mekonen Eyoel Berhan, Tessema Tesfalem Teshome
Department of Public Health, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, P.O. Box 1271, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Institute of Health Science, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
J Nutr Metab. 2025 Apr 24;2025:7001308. doi: 10.1155/jnme/7001308. eCollection 2025.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs improve life expectancy and reduce mortality. However, due to treatment-related metabolic complications, they are now developing comorbidities. In Ethiopia, there are a few reports of diabetes mellitus (DM)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comorbidity. This study explores the magnitude of DM and associated factors among HIV-infected individuals on follow-up care at Kuyu General Hospital, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted at Kuyu General Hospital from March 10, 2021-April, 2021. Adults with HIV-positive (aged ≥ 18 years) who were on ART were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select 294 HIV-positive adults who attended regular follow-up at the ART clinic. Descriptive analysis was conducted and reported in frequency and percentage. Both bivariable and multivariable analyses were computed. Variables with < 0.25 in bivariable analysis were inserted into a multivariable logistic regression model to control possible confounders. The value < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant. The age of the HIV-infected individuals enrolled ranged from 18 to 67 years with the mean age of 39.08 (SD = ±11.5) years. DM was detected in 21 (7.14%; 95% CI: 4.1-10.2) patients on medication whereas fasting plasma glucose between 111-125 mg/dL was 39 (13.3%; 95% CI: 9.5-17.3). The maximum (12.6%) of DM patients were aged 45 years and above. In the multivariable analysis, hypertension (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.1-10.8), elevated total cholesterol (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.2-15.6), aged 45 years and above (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.15-13.6), and duration of HIV (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.3-16.9) were significantly associated with DM. In this study, the magnitude of DM among HIV-infected adults on ART follow-up was higher than the prevalence of DM in general populations. Older age, hypertension, increased total cholesterol, and duration of HIV were associated with a higher prevalence of DM. It is better for care providers assigned at ART clinics to detect DM, particularly after initiation of ART routinely, which may help to provide integrated care for comorbid patients.
抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）药物可提高预期寿命并降低死亡率。然而，由于与治疗相关的代谢并发症，患者现在正出现合并症。在埃塞俄比亚，关于糖尿病（DM）-人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）合并症的报道较少。本研究探讨了埃塞俄比亚库尤综合医院接受后续护理的HIV感染者中糖尿病的严重程度及相关因素。2021年3月10日至4月在库尤综合医院进行了一项横断面研究设计。纳入了接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV阳性成年人（年龄≥18岁）。采用系统随机抽样方法，选取了294名在抗逆转录病毒治疗门诊定期随访的HIV阳性成年人。进行了描述性分析，并以频率和百分比报告。同时进行了双变量和多变量分析。双变量分析中P<0.25的变量被纳入多变量逻辑回归模型以控制可能的混杂因素。95%置信区间内P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。纳入研究的HIV感染者年龄在18至67岁之间，平均年龄为39.08（标准差=±11.5）岁。接受药物治疗的患者中有21例（7.14%；95%置信区间：4.1-10.2）检测出患有糖尿病，而空腹血糖在111-125mg/dL之间的有39例（13.3%；95%置信区间：9.5-17.3）。糖尿病患者中年龄最大的（12.6%）为45岁及以上。在多变量分析中，高血压（调整后比值比[AOR]=3.4，95%置信区间：1.1-10.8）、总胆固醇升高（AOR=4.3，95%置信区间：1.2-15.6）、45岁及以上（AOR=3.9，95%置信区间：1.15-13.6）以及HIV感染时长（AOR=4.7，95%置信区间：1.3-16.9）与糖尿病显著相关。在本研究中，接受抗逆转录病毒治疗随访的HIV感染成年人中糖尿病的严重程度高于一般人群中的糖尿病患病率。年龄较大、高血压、总胆固醇升高以及HIV感染时长与糖尿病的较高患病率相关。对于在抗逆转录病毒治疗门诊工作的医护人员来说，最好常规在开始抗逆转录病毒治疗后检测糖尿病，这可能有助于为合并症患者提供综合护理。
