Dumont M, Mazuez M
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1985;14(4):439-48.
The authors have studied 600 cases histories of fetal growth retardation over a period of 11 years from 1970 to 1981. The incidence of growth retardation was 600 cases in 24,906 deliveries from October 1970 to the end of 1981. This gives an incidence of 2.41%. This figure tends to get less progressively, going from 2.5% at the beginning of our study to a little more than 2% in the last years. 1,498 babies were born weighing less than 2,500 g: 600 of them were really true intra-uterine growth retardations (40%) and 898 were babies born prematurely with normal weight for their gestational age. 227 of the 600 small for date babies were born before the 38th week of pregnancy (37.8%). Girls represented 55% of the cases of growth retardation. There was no significant difference in the distribution of age groups of the mothers of small for date babies and the control population. 57% of the women were primiparas whereas only 38% were primiparas in the control population. There is a close relationship between primiparity and young maternal age. 80% of mothers who were under 25 years of age were primiparas. The height of the mother, less than 1,50 m, in our study was significantly less than in the control population (11.9% as against 2.5%). 24% of the mothers weighed less than 45 kg as compared with 7.1% in the general population. The weight gain was not significantly different from that in the control population, if it is not taken in account of mothers who had toxaemia of pregnancy. 158 cases out of the 600, which represents 26% of the mothers, had toxaemia of pregnancy and this confirms how important this aetiological factor is in intra-uterine growth retardation. 113 placentas (18.8%) were studied. They showed histological abnormalities such as infarcts (47 cases) and ischaemic necrosis (18 cases). These features are often associated with toxaemia of pregnancy and/or heavy maternal smoking in 58% of cases. There were abnormalities of the umbilical cords. These were variable so that one could not say that any one was an important cause of intra-uterine growth retardation. A single umbilical artery was found in 8 cases (1.33%). We only speak of recurrent fetal growth retardation, excluding cases of toxaemia, when three or more small for date babies have been born without any particular aetiological reason.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
作者在1970年至1981年的11年间研究了600例胎儿生长受限的病例记录。1970年10月至1981年底，在24,906例分娩中有600例生长受限病例，发病率为2.41%。这个数字呈逐渐下降趋势，从我们研究开始时的2.5%降至最近几年的略高于2%。1498名婴儿出生时体重不足2500克：其中600例是真正的宫内生长受限（40%），898例是早产但体重与其孕周相符的婴儿。600例小于胎龄儿中有227例在妊娠38周前出生（37.8%）。女孩占生长受限病例的55%。小于胎龄儿母亲的年龄组分布与对照组人群没有显著差异。57%的女性是初产妇，而对照组人群中初产妇仅占38%。初产与年轻产妇年龄密切相关。25岁以下的母亲中80%是初产妇。在我们的研究中，母亲身高低于1.50米的比例显著低于对照组人群（分别为11.9%和2.5%）。24%的母亲体重不足45公斤，而一般人群中这一比例为7.1%。如果不考虑患有妊娠中毒症的母亲，体重增加与对照组人群没有显著差异。600例中有158例（占母亲的26%）患有妊娠中毒症，这证实了这一病因在宫内生长受限中的重要性。研究了113个胎盘（18.8%）。它们显示出组织学异常，如梗死（47例）和缺血性坏死（18例）。在58%的病例中，这些特征常与妊娠中毒症和/或母亲大量吸烟有关。脐带存在异常。这些异常各不相同，因此不能说任何一种异常是宫内生长受限的重要原因。发现8例（1.33%）有单脐动脉。只有在没有任何特定病因的情况下出生三个或更多小于胎龄儿，且排除妊娠中毒症病例时，我们才称之为复发性胎儿生长受限。（摘要截断于400字）
