Walczak M
Zakładu Propedeutyki Pediatrii Instytutu Pediatrii, Pomerskiej Akademii Medycznej.
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 1991;37:65-85.
During the period of two-year-long studies (15.03.1985-14.03.1987) as many as 11.2% of newborn infants were born in Szczecin with low body mass. The studies covered 498 out of 659 infants born, at that period, with low body mass at two Clinics of Obstetrics--Institute of Gynaecology and Obstetrics--PMA in Szczecin. Of 498 studied infants born with low body mass: 327 (65.7%) were born prematurely, therein 65 (13.1%) prematurely with a feature of intra-uterine hypotrophy, and 171 (34.3%) were delivered with hypotrophy at term or delayed deliveries. For determining the incidence rate of symmetric and asymmetric forms of hypotrophy 94 infants born with body mass 2500 g, and meeting the criteria of this syndrome, were added to the group of 171 infants with hypotrophy, who were born at term or post-term with low body mass. On the basis of the weight index (WI) in 53 (20%) out of 265 children with hypotrophy born at term or post-term the established diagnosis revealed symmetric form of hypotrophy, while in 212 (80%) asymmetric one of this syndrome. The control group was made up of 337 eutrophic infants, delivered at term and selected in a lottery-target manner. In order to define the causes of prematurity and intra-uterine hypotrophy the mothers of the studied infants were subjected to retrospective studies by questionnaires. The results provided by the studies were elaborated by using electronic computing technique. In the majority of cases it was disclosed that there was a multifunctional base for the low body mass, whereas both prematurity and hypotrophy were essentially associated with cigarette smoking, the work done by mothers under conditions being harmful to their health, elementary education of the parents and little body mass increase during pregnancy. Besides the share of the mentioned factors, prematurity prevalently occurred in women, who experienced miscarriages, immature and premature deliveries, as well as in women with body mass deficit. However, the intra-uterine hypotrophy involved evidently more frequently women with arterial hypertension during the pregnancy, previously bearing children with intra-uterine hypotrophy, and whose physical conditions were unfavourable.
在为期两年的研究期间（1985年3月15日至1987年3月14日），什切青市出生的低体重新生儿比例高达11.2%。该研究涵盖了当时在什切青市妇产科研究所——波兰医学科学院妇产科两个诊所出生的659名低体重婴儿中的498名。在498名低体重出生的研究婴儿中：327名（65.7%）为早产，其中65名（13.1%）早产且伴有宫内发育迟缓特征，171名（34.3%）足月或过期产时伴有发育迟缓。为确定对称性和不对称性发育迟缓的发生率，将94名体重2500克且符合该综合征标准的出生婴儿加入到171名足月或过期产低体重的发育迟缓婴儿组中。根据体重指数（WI），在265名足月或过期产的发育迟缓儿童中，有53名（20%）确诊为对称性发育迟缓，而212名（80%）为不对称性发育迟缓。对照组由337名足月出生且通过随机抽样选取的营养良好的婴儿组成。为确定早产和宫内发育迟缓的原因，对研究婴儿的母亲进行了问卷调查回顾性研究。研究结果采用电子计算技术进行整理。在大多数情况下发现，低体重存在多因素基础，而早产和发育迟缓主要与吸烟、母亲在有害健康的条件下工作、父母的基础教育程度以及孕期体重增加过少有关。除了上述因素外，早产在有流产史、早产和未成熟分娩经历的女性以及体重不足的女性中更为普遍。然而，宫内发育迟缓显然更常见于孕期患有动脉高血压、之前生育过宫内发育迟缓儿童且身体状况不佳的女性。
