Štaffenová Nikola, Kucharčíková Alžbeta, Falát Lukáš
Department of Managerial Theories, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Zilina, Slovakia.
Department of Macro and Microeconomics, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Zilina, Zilina, Slovakia.
PLoS One. 2025 May 2;20(5):e0320568. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320568. eCollection 2025.
Human capital management (HCM) helps manage and develop human capital (HC) in businesses through investments that increase the value of HC and contribute to improving the financial situation of companies. Industry 4.0 (4IR) presents new challenges especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The article aim is to find out how important SMEs perceive investments in HC, whether they evaluate the effectiveness of investments in HC and which of the selected HCM activities related to digitization they consider essential. It was used basic scientific methods, Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, and the chi-square test. It was found that in 2020 up to 49.56% and in 2021 up to 63.94% of respondents consider the funds spent on employees as investments in HC. In connection with digitization, it is striking that up to 76.98% of SMEs in 2020 and 68.34% of respondents in 2021 did not use a personnel information system (HRIS) and an even greater number of companies did not even prepare reports for the HC area. The originality of the article lies in the processing of a two-year questionnaire survey and in the intersection of HCM and Industry 4.0. This is a very current topic, which is also emphasized by the European Union. Future research could focus on employee training models (HC development), or on the culture of innovation and adaptability in companies that digitalize.
人力资本管理（HCM）通过增加人力资本（HC）价值并有助于改善公司财务状况的投资，来帮助企业管理和发展人力资本。工业4.0（4IR）带来了新的挑战，尤其是对中小企业（SMEs）而言。本文旨在了解中小企业如何看待对人力资本的投资，它们是否评估人力资本投资的有效性，以及它们认为与数字化相关的哪些选定人力资本管理活动至关重要。研究采用了基本科学方法、克朗巴哈系数、描述性统计和卡方检验。研究发现，在2020年，高达49.56%的受访者以及在2021年高达63.94%的受访者将花在员工身上的资金视为对人力资本的投资。关于数字化，值得注意的是，2020年高达76.98%的中小企业以及2021年68.34%的受访者没有使用人事信息系统（HRIS），甚至更多的公司甚至没有准备人力资本领域的报告。本文的独创性在于对为期两年的问卷调查的处理以及人力资本管理与工业4.0的交叉研究。这是一个非常热门的话题，欧盟也强调了这一点。未来的研究可以聚焦于员工培训模式（人力资本发展），或者聚焦于进行数字化的公司中的创新和适应文化。
