Khan Amjid, Younis Tahira, Anas Muhammad, Ali Muhammad, Shinwari Zabta Khan, Khalil Ali Talha, Munawar Khurram Shahzad, Mohamed Hamza Elsayed Ahmed, Hkiri Khaoula, Maaza Malik, Seleiman Mahmoud F, Khan Naeem
Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid -i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, 42200, Pakistan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 May 2;25(1):574. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06533-7.
BACKGROUND: In this study, we report the biofabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using aqueous leaf extracts of Withania coagulans, which act as both reducing and capping agents. The goal was to synthesize and characterize the silver nanoparticles and evaluate their biological properties. RESULTS: The silver nanoparticles were characterized by multiple techniques including UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A surface plasmon resonance peak was observed at 420 nm, and the XRD pattern indicated highly crystalline Ag-NPs with a crystallite size of 39.76 nm. SEM and HRTEM revealed irregular morphology with an average particle diameter of 26.63 nm. Zeta potential of -21.4 mV indicated relatively stable nanoparticles. FTIR spectra displayed significant peaks at 3269, 2921, 1628, 1513, and 1385 cm⁻. Thermal stability was confirmed via TGA and DSC. Bioassays including total phenolics, total flavonoids, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and DPPH assays showed higher antioxidant potential in Ag-NPs compared to extracts, though phenolic and flavonoid content was lower. Biocompatibility tests such as hemolysis (IC₅₀ = 141.466 μg/mL) and brine shrimp lethality assay (IC₅₀ = 721.76 μg/mL) indicated moderate cytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity assays revealed higher toxicity of Ag-NPs against radish compared to control. Significant antibacterial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi (29 ± 0.01 mm and 28 ± 1.00 mm inhibition zones at 25 μg/mL, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Withania coagulans leaf-extract-mediated silver nanoparticles exhibit remarkable antioxidant, phytochemical, and antimicrobial properties, suggesting potential for commercial applications in various biomedical and agricultural fields.
背景:在本研究中,我们报道了利用凝结茄叶水提取物生物制造银纳米颗粒(Ag-NPs),该提取物同时充当还原剂和封端剂。目标是合成并表征银纳米颗粒,并评估其生物学特性。 结果:通过多种技术对银纳米颗粒进行了表征,包括紫外可见光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散光谱(EDS)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、zeta电位、动态光散射(DLS)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)。在420nm处观察到表面等离子体共振峰,XRD图谱表明Ag-NPs具有高度结晶性,微晶尺寸为39.76nm。SEM和HRTEM显示形态不规则,平均粒径为26.63nm。-21.4mV的zeta电位表明纳米颗粒相对稳定。FTIR光谱在3269、2921、1628、1513和1385cm⁻处显示出明显的峰。通过TGA和DSC确认了热稳定性。包括总酚、总黄酮、铁还原抗氧化能力和DPPH测定在内的生物测定表明,与提取物相比,Ag-NPs具有更高的抗氧化潜力,尽管酚类和黄酮类含量较低。溶血(IC₅₀ = 141.466μg/mL)和卤虫致死试验(IC₅₀ = 721.76μg/mL)等生物相容性测试表明具有中等细胞毒性。植物毒性试验表明,与对照相比,Ag-NPs对萝卜的毒性更高。观察到对肺炎克雷伯菌和伤寒沙门氏菌具有显著的抗菌活性(在25μg/mL时,抑菌圈分别为29±0.01mm和28±1.00mm)。 结论:凝结茄叶提取物介导的银纳米颗粒具有显著的抗氧化、植物化学和抗菌特性,表明在各种生物医学和农业领域具有商业应用潜力。
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