Svobodová Lenka, Sebera Martin, Vodička Tomáš, Svobodová Aneta, Horáková Andrea, Stračárová Nikola, Svobodová Šarlota, Eclerová Veronika, Vespalec Tomáš, Kasović Mario, Paludo Ana Carolina, Bienertova-Vasku Julie, Gimunová Marta
Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Rehabilitation department, The University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
BMC Geriatr. 2025 May 2;25(1):305. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-05970-1.
Muscle strength and postural control are essential components for performing daily living activities, particularly in older adults, and can therefore serve as screening tools for assessing fall risk in this population.
The aim of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the impact of a 12-week exercise intervention followed by a 2-week detraining period on lower limb strength and postural stability in older adults. The study involved 38 community-dwelling participants of Central European origin over 60 years of age. Participants underwent the measurements consisting of assessments of knee flexors and extensors strength (isokinetic dynamometer, 90° range of motion, 60°/s angular velocity, Humac Norm CSMI, Stoughton MA, USA), toe grip strength (toe grip dynamometer, Takei Scientific Instruments, Niigata, Japan), and postural stability (narrow stand, 30 s, Kistler, Switzerland). Testing was repeated three times during the study (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and post-detraining). Participants were separated into 3 groups according to the type of training: resistance training group (n = 13), proprioceptive training group (n = 14), and endurance training group (n = 11). The intervention program lasted 12 weeks, two 60-min sessions per week. A linear mixed model (LMM) predicted a change in postural stability after the resistance, proprioceptive, and endurance exercise interventions were applied.
Results showed that knee extensor strength normalized to body mass significantly increased in the resistance training group post-intervention (p = 0.01). Toe grip strength was significantly higher after the intervention in the endurance training group (p = 0.02). A statistically significant increase in knee flexor strength was observed in the proprioceptive training group (p = 0.01). The 2-weeks detraining period revealed no statistically significant loss in training gains. The LMM found different predictions of postural stability changes related to knee extensor strength after each type of training intervention. The final LMM model explains well the variability of the dependent variable R = 0.866.
These results highlight the unique characteristics of specific exercise interventions in enhancing muscular strength and postural stability, which are critical for fall prevention among older adults.
肌肉力量和姿势控制是进行日常生活活动的重要组成部分，对老年人尤为如此，因此可作为评估该人群跌倒风险的筛查工具。
这项准实验研究的目的是评估为期12周的运动干预，随后为期2周的停训期，对老年人下肢力量和姿势稳定性的影响。该研究纳入了38名年龄超过60岁、来自中欧的社区居民参与者。参与者接受了包括评估膝屈肌和伸肌力量（等速测力计，90°运动范围，60°/秒角速度，美国马萨诸塞州斯托顿市Humac Norm CSMI）、足趾握力（足趾握力测力计，日本新潟市竹井科学仪器公司）和姿势稳定性（窄站，30秒，瑞士奇石乐公司）的测量。在研究期间（干预前、干预后和停训后）重复测试三次。参与者根据训练类型分为3组：阻力训练组（n = 13）、本体感觉训练组（n = 14）和耐力训练组（n = 11）。干预计划持续12周，每周两次60分钟的课程。应用线性混合模型（LMM）预测在进行阻力、本体感觉和耐力运动干预后姿势稳定性的变化。
结果显示，阻力训练组干预后，归一化至体重的膝伸肌力量显著增加（p = 0.01）。耐力训练组干预后足趾握力显著更高（p = 0.02）。本体感觉训练组观察到膝屈肌力量有统计学意义的增加（p = 0.01）。为期2周的停训期显示训练成果没有统计学意义的损失。LMM发现每种训练干预后与膝伸肌力量相关的姿势稳定性变化有不同预测。最终的LMM模型很好地解释了因变量的变异性R = 0.866。
这些结果突出了特定运动干预在增强肌肉力量和姿势稳定性方面的独特特征，这对预防老年人跌倒至关重要。
