Osku Mozhdeh, Roozban Mahmoud Reza, Sarikhani Saadat, Arab Mohammad Mehdi, Akbari Mohammad, Vahdati Kourosh
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
School of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 May 2;25(1):580. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06583-x.
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) growth, yield and quality are affected by abiotic stress especially drought. Understanding the strategies that improve dehydration tolerance is essential for developing resistant pistachio rootstocks. In the experiment, nine-month-old saplings of seven clonal interspecies hybrids of Pistacia atlantica × P. integerrima (C1, C2, C16-1, C8-3, C4-2, C9-4 and UCB1) were assessed for growth and physiological responses to water withholding and recovery.
Water deficit negatively impacted growth parameters, including shoot dry weight, root dry weight and leaf area, in all hybrids; however, the C1 demonstrated relatively minor reductions compared to the other hybrids. Glycine betaine content in leaves increased by 49.4% in C9-4 and 47% in C1, while only 7% and 11% increases were found in the most sensitive clones, C8-3 and C4-2. Notably, C9-4, identified as the most tolerant clone, displayed the highest proline levels, with increases of 29.5% in leaves and 41.5% in roots, in contrast to C8-3, which showed minimal increases of 6% and 11% in leaves and roots, respectively. Clones with higher compatible solutes maintained higher relative water content (RWC), lower osmotic potential and smaller reductions in leaf water potential. RWC declined by just 6% in C9-4, whereas it dropped by 88% in C8-3. Osmotic potentials in C9-4 were - 1.61 MPa in leaves and - 0.271 MPa in roots, while in C8-3, they were - 0.93 MPa and - 0.11 MPa in leaves and roots, respectively. Following recovery, evaluations of growth, physiological traits and visual observations indicated that C8-3 had poor recovery ability. Heatmap and PCA analyses categorized the clones into three groups: "tolerant" (C9-4, C1 and C2), "moderately tolerant" (UCB1) and "sensitive" (C8-3, C4-2 and C16-1).
The results of this study underscore the significance of osmotic adjustment as a more critical trait compared to growth and stomatal parameters in effectively differentiating tolerant clones from sensitive ones.
阿月浑子（黄连木）的生长、产量和品质受到非生物胁迫尤其是干旱的影响。了解提高脱水耐受性的策略对于培育抗性阿月浑子砧木至关重要。在该实验中，对大西洋黄连木×全缘黄连木的7个克隆种间杂种（C1、C2、C16 - 1、C8 - 3、C4 - 2、C9 - 4和UCB1）的9月龄幼树进行了水分胁迫和恢复处理后的生长及生理响应评估。
水分亏缺对所有杂种的生长参数均产生负面影响，包括地上部干重、根部干重和叶面积；然而，与其他杂种相比，C1的降幅相对较小。C9 - 4叶片中的甘氨酸甜菜碱含量增加了49.4%，C1增加了47%，而最敏感的克隆C8 - 3和C4 - 2仅分别增加了7%和11%。值得注意的是，被鉴定为最耐受的克隆C9 - 4脯氨酸水平最高，叶片中增加了29.5%，根部增加了41.5%，相比之下，C8 - 3叶片和根部的增幅最小，分别仅为6%和11%。具有较高相容性溶质的克隆保持了较高的相对含水量（RWC）、较低的渗透势以及较小的叶片水势降幅。C9 - 4的RWC仅下降了6%，而C8 - 3下降了88%。C9 - 4叶片的渗透势为 - 1.61MPa，根部为 - 0.271MPa，而C8 - 3叶片和根部的渗透势分别为 - 0.93MPa和 - 0.11MPa。恢复处理后，对生长、生理特性的评估以及外观观察表明，C8 - 3的恢复能力较差。热图和主成分分析将这些克隆分为三组：“耐受型”（C9 - 4、C1和C2）、“中度耐受型”（UCB1）和“敏感型”（C8 - 3、C4 - 2和C16 - 1）。
本研究结果强调了渗透调节作为一个比生长和气孔参数更关键的性状在有效区分耐受型克隆和敏感型克隆方面的重要性。
