Matkowski Hubert, Daszkowska-Golec Agata
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Oct 2;14:1270180. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270180. eCollection 2023.
Stomata, key gatekeepers of plant hydration, have long been known to play a pivotal role in mitigating the impacts of abiotic stressors. However, the complex molecular mechanisms underscoring this role remain unresolved fully and continue to be the subject of research. In the context of water-use efficiency (WUE), a key indicator of a plant's ability to conserve water, this aspect links intrinsically with stomatal behavior. Given the pivotal role of stomata in modulating water loss, it can be argued that the complex mechanisms governing stomatal development and function will significantly influence a plant's WUE under different abiotic stress conditions. Addressing these calls for a concerted effort to strengthen plant adaptability through advanced, targeted research. In this vein, recent studies have illuminated how specific stressors trigger alterations in gene expression, orchestrating changes in stomatal pattern, structure, and opening. This reveals a complex interplay between stress stimuli and regulatory sequences of essential genes implicated in stomatal development, such as , , and . This review synthesizes current discoveries on the molecular foundations of stomatal development and behavior in various stress conditions and their implications for WUE. It highlights the imperative for continued exploration, as understanding and leveraging these mechanisms guarantee enhanced plant resilience amid an ever-changing climatic landscape.
气孔作为植物水分调节的关键门户，长期以来一直被认为在减轻非生物胁迫的影响方面发挥着关键作用。然而，支撑这一作用的复杂分子机制仍未完全解析，仍是研究的主题。在水分利用效率（WUE）这一植物节水能力的关键指标背景下，这一方面与气孔行为有着内在联系。鉴于气孔在调节水分流失方面的关键作用，可以认为，在不同的非生物胁迫条件下，控制气孔发育和功能的复杂机制将显著影响植物的水分利用效率。这就需要通过先进的、有针对性的研究共同努力来增强植物的适应性。为此，最近的研究阐明了特定胁迫如何触发基因表达的改变，从而协调气孔模式、结构和开度的变化。这揭示了胁迫刺激与参与气孔发育的关键基因的调控序列之间的复杂相互作用，如 、 和 。本综述综合了当前关于气孔发育和行为在各种胁迫条件下的分子基础及其对水分利用效率影响的发现。它强调了持续探索的必要性，因为理解和利用这些机制能够确保在不断变化的气候环境中增强植物的恢复力。
