Kuhlman J R, Li C, Calabrese R L
J Neurosci. 1985 Sep;5(9):2310-7. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.05-09-02310.1985.
In the preceding paper (Kuhlman, J. R., C. Li, and R. L. Calabrese (1985) J. Neurosci. 5: 2301-2309) FMRF-amide-like immunoreactivity was localized to a specific set of neurons in the leech. Three types of these neurons are involved in controlling the animal's heartbeat: HE motor neurons and HA modulatory neurons which directly innervate the hearts, and the swim-initiating interneurons (cells 204) which can accelerate the heartbeat central pattern generator. Application of synthetic FMRF-amide had effects on the hearts and the heartbeat central pattern generator that mimicked the actions of the HA and cell 204 neurons. Bath application of FMRF-amide (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) to the hearts activated their myogenic rhythm and increased their beat tension, thus mimicking the effects of activity in HA cells. Bath application of lower concentrations of FMRF-amide (10(-9) to 10(-8) M) to the isolated central nervous system dramatically accelerated the central motor program for heartbeat, thus mimicking the effects of activity in cell 204. These observations suggest that an FMRF-amide-like substance may be used as a chemical signal by HA and cell 204 neurons. The role of the FMRF-amide-like substance contained in HE motor neurons remains unclear, but it may be released along with the HE cell's neuromuscular transmitter, acetylcholine.
在前一篇论文中（库尔曼，J. R.，C. 李，和R. L. 卡拉布雷斯（1985年）《神经科学杂志》5: 2301 - 2309），FMRF酰胺样免疫反应性定位于水蛭中的一组特定神经元。这些神经元中的三种类型参与控制动物的心跳：直接支配心脏的HE运动神经元和HA调制神经元，以及可加速心跳中枢模式发生器的游泳起始中间神经元（204细胞）。合成FMRF酰胺的应用对心脏和心跳中枢模式发生器产生的影响，类似于HA和204细胞神经元的作用。将FMRF酰胺（10^(-7)至10^(-6) M）浴用在心脏上，可激活其肌源性节律并增加其搏动张力，从而模拟HA细胞活动的影响。将较低浓度的FMRF酰胺（10^(-9)至10^(-8) M）浴用在离体中枢神经系统上，可显著加速心跳的中枢运动程序，从而模拟204细胞活动的影响。这些观察结果表明，一种FMRF酰胺样物质可能被HA和204细胞神经元用作化学信号。HE运动神经元中所含FMRF酰胺样物质的作用尚不清楚，但它可能与HE细胞的神经肌肉递质乙酰胆碱一起释放。
