Montesinos-Cruz Veronica, Olmason Justin
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
College of Health and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2025 May-Jun;17(3):e70014. doi: 10.1002/wnan.70014.
The cosmetic industry has developed and commercialized numerous products using new technologies, making them increasingly appealing to the public. The use of metallic nanoparticles (MtNPs) as key ingredients in cosmetics has become more widespread due to their demonstrated benefits. However, the use of these products remains controversial, as some studies have shown that MtNPs can penetrate the deeper layers of the skin and disrupt homeostatic balance. It has also been demonstrated that the interaction between MtNPs and keratinocytes increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to oxidative stress, a condition associated with premature aging. Mitochondria, as the main organelles responsible for energy production, also provide and maintain the regulatory mechanisms necessary for keratinocytes to sustain a strong protective barrier against environmental threats including MtNPs. To date, the relationship between redox imbalance, premature aging, and the central role of mitochondria remains under investigation due to the fact that mitochondrial metabolism, linked to increased oxidative stress, is associated with the development of various defense mechanisms, including antioxidant enzymes. In this review, we focus on the role of oxidative stress generated in mitochondria and the function of antioxidant enzymes in detoxifying metal ions from MtNPs contained in cosmetics. We examine their effects on keratinocytes and the potential for premature aging.
化妆品行业利用新技术研发并商业化了众多产品，使其对公众的吸引力日益增加。由于已证实的益处，金属纳米颗粒（MtNPs）作为化妆品的关键成分使用得越来越广泛。然而，这些产品的使用仍存在争议，因为一些研究表明，MtNPs能够穿透皮肤深层并破坏体内平衡。还已证明，MtNPs与角质形成细胞之间的相互作用会增加活性氧（ROS）的生成，这可能导致氧化应激，而氧化应激是一种与过早衰老相关的状况。线粒体作为负责能量产生的主要细胞器，还提供并维持角质形成细胞维持强大的防护屏障以抵御包括MtNPs在内的环境威胁所需的调节机制。迄今为止，由于与氧化应激增加相关的线粒体代谢与包括抗氧化酶在内的各种防御机制的发展有关，氧化还原失衡、过早衰老与线粒体的核心作用之间的关系仍在研究中。在本综述中，我们重点关注线粒体中产生的氧化应激的作用以及抗氧化酶在从化妆品中所含的MtNPs中解毒金属离子方面的功能。我们研究它们对角质形成细胞的影响以及过早衰老的可能性。
