Nasir Aiysha, Farooqi Armughan Tauheed, Sattar Saadia, Saeed Yawer
Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Heart Rhythm O2. 2025 Jan 16;6(4):489-498. doi: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.12.017. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Little is known about the prevalence of arrhythmias in Pakistan. We assessed the frequency of arrhythmias and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities among the Pakistani population, attending the outpatient department, categorized by age, gender, and geographic region.
This study aimed to evaluate variations in arrhythmia prevalence and ECG abnormalities across a large sample of a South Asian population.
This retrospective study analyzed 8746 ECGs from Aga Khan University Hospital in 2022. The ECGs were digitally saved, initially interpreted by an ECG-trained cardiac technician, reviewed by a junior cardiologist using the Minnesota Code, and validated by a senior cardiologist. An electrophysiologist resolved discrepancies to ensure accurate final results.
A total of 8746 ECGs were analyzed (56.86% from men). The prevalences of common arrhythmia were sinus bradycardia 8.53%, sinus tachycardia 5.08%, atrial fibrillation (AF) (1.17%), atrial flutter (AFL) (0.18%), first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (1.31%), and other AV blocks (0.14%). Women had more sinus tachycardia (6.44%, <.05), AF (1.59%, <.001), and poor R-wave progression (6.41%, <.005), whereas men had more sinus bradycardia (10.68%, <.05), left-anteiror fasicular block (8.32%, <.005), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (2.59%, <.005), pathologic Q waves (3.86%, <.005), and early repolarization pattern (5.87%, <.05). Patients from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region had higher rates of LVH (7.69%, <.005) and AF (3.85%, <.05). In contrast, patients from Gilgit-Baltistan had the highest rates of sinus bradycardia (28.57%, <.005). Right bundle branch block (10.61%, <.005) and long QT (3.79%, <.005) were more prevalent in the youngest population, whereas patients aged >65 years had more AF (3.31%, <.005), AFL (0.59%, <.005), sinus bradycardia (10.71%, <.001), first-degree AV block (4.62%, <.005), left anterior fascicular block (13.08%, <.005), left bundle branch block (2.43%, <.005), poor R-wave progression (8.82%, <.005), and pathologic Q waves (5.98%, <.005).
This study details important information about arrhythmia prevalence in a large sample of a South Asian population. AF is more common in women, the elderly, and people from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
巴基斯坦心律失常的患病率鲜为人知。我们评估了在门诊部就诊的巴基斯坦人群中心律失常和心电图（ECG）异常的发生频率，并按年龄、性别和地理区域进行了分类。
本研究旨在评估一大群南亚人群中心律失常患病率和心电图异常的差异。
这项回顾性研究分析了2022年阿迦汗大学医院的8746份心电图。这些心电图被数字保存，最初由一名经过心电图培训的心脏技术人员解读，一名初级心脏病专家使用明尼苏达编码进行复查，并由一名高级心脏病专家进行验证。一名电生理学家解决了差异问题，以确保最终结果准确。
共分析了8746份心电图（56.86%来自男性）。常见心律失常的患病率分别为：窦性心动过缓8.53%、窦性心动过速5.08%、心房颤动（AF）（1.17%）、心房扑动（AFL）（0.18%）、一度房室（AV）传导阻滞（1.31%）和其他房室传导阻滞（0.14%）。女性窦性心动过速（6.44%，P<0.05）、房颤（1.59%，P<0.001）和R波进展不良（6.41%，P<0.005）更为常见，而男性窦性心动过缓（10.68%，P<0.05）、左前分支阻滞（8.32%，P<0.005）、左心室肥厚（LVH）（2.59%，P<0.005）、病理性Q波（3.86%，P<0.005）和早期复极模式（5.87%，P<0.05）更为常见。开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦地区的患者左心室肥厚（7.69%，P<0.005）和房颤（3.85%，P<0.05）发生率较高。相比之下，吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的患者窦性心动过缓发生率最高（28.57%，P<0.005）。右束支传导阻滞（10.61%，P<0.005）和长QT（3.79%，P<0.005）在最年轻人群中更为普遍，而年龄>65岁的患者房颤（3.31%，P<0.005）、心房扑动（0.59%，P<0.005）、窦性心动过缓（10.71%，P<0.001）、一度房室传导阻滞（4.62%，P<0.005）、左前分支阻滞（13.08%，P<0.005）、左束支传导阻滞（2.43%，P<0.005）、R波进展不良（8.82%，P<0.005）和病理性Q波（5.98%，P<0.005）更为常见。
本研究详细介绍了一大群南亚人群中心律失常患病率的重要信息。房颤在女性、老年人和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦地区的人群中更为常见。
