Chronic liver disease is a major global health concern, posing significant challenges due to its asymptomatic progression and the limitations of conventional treatments. Effective therapeutic strategies remain a pressing need. Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric rhizomes, has demonstrated diverse pharmacological properties. Beyond its well-known antioxidant activity, curcumin exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-fibrotic effects, along with the ability to regulate cellular autophagy and apoptosis. Recent studies suggest its potential to inhibit the progression of chronic liver disease through multiple molecular pathways. This review summarizes the latest research on curcumin's therapeutic effects in chronic liver disease, focusing on its mechanisms of action and clinical relevance. By integrating findings from experimental and clinical studies, we aim to provide novel insights into curcumin as a promising therapeutic candidate for liver disease management.