Challenges in chemotherapy for head and neck cancer: A review.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains a global health challenge due to its high mortality and morbidity. Advances in chemotherapy, combination therapies and targeted treatments like immunotherapy, have significantly improved survival rates. These developments pave the way for personalized therapies that maximize effectiveness while minimizing toxicities. However, challenges such as tumor resistance, treatment-related side effects and limited access to advanced therapies continue to hinder progress. Addressing these issues requires efforts in clinical research, biomarker discovery and ensuring equitable access to innovative treatments worldwide.