Fredrikson M, Engel B T
J Psychosom Res. 1985;29(3):235-46. doi: 10.1016/0022-3999(85)90050-9.
We studied cardiovascular and noncardiovascular sympathetic nervous system (SNS) responses to a vigilance task in patients with borderline (BT) or established hypertension (HT). Twelve patients in each group and twelve normotensive controls (NT) were subjected to a signalled reaction-time (RT) task which included the presentation of a noxious 110 dB white noise contingent upon RT-performance at the end of a 30 sec foreperiod. During this foreperiod recordings were made of: systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, skin- and muscle-blood flows. Skin and muscle vascular resistances were calculated from mean blood pressure and regional blood flows. Skin conductance level, fluctuations and responses were recorded as noncardiovascular SNS-responses. Compared to NT both HT and BT had higher resting blood pressures, heart rate, skin- and muscle-vascular resistances. BT showed higher resting skin conductance levels than HT and NT who were not different from one another. During stimulation HT and BT evidenced pressor hyperreactivity compared to NT. The electrodermal effects did not parallel the cardiovascular ones. Skin conductance and cardiovascular variables were more closely related in NT than HT or BT. The presence of cardiovascular hyperreactivity together with the absence of noncardiovascular hyperreactivity in HT indicates heightened SNS-activity specific to the cardiovascular system and not part of generalized SNS-arousal. The similarity between HT and BT is consistent with the notion that the differences between BT and HT are quantitative rather than qualitative.
我们研究了临界高血压（BT）或确诊高血压（HT）患者对一项警觉任务的心血管和非心血管交感神经系统（SNS）反应。每组12名患者以及12名血压正常的对照者（NT）接受了一项信号反应时（RT）任务，该任务包括在30秒的前期结束时，根据RT表现呈现110分贝的有害白噪声。在这个前期，记录以下指标：收缩压和舒张压、心率、皮肤和肌肉血流量。根据平均血压和局部血流量计算皮肤和肌肉血管阻力。记录皮肤电导水平、波动和反应作为非心血管SNS反应。与NT相比，HT和BT的静息血压、心率、皮肤和肌肉血管阻力都更高。BT的静息皮肤电导水平高于HT和NT，而HT和NT之间没有差异。在刺激过程中，与NT相比，HT和BT表现出加压反应过度。皮肤电效应与心血管效应并不平行。NT中皮肤电导与心血管变量的相关性比HT或BT更密切。HT中存在心血管反应过度而不存在非心血管反应过度，这表明SNS活性增强是心血管系统特有的，而非全身性SNS兴奋的一部分。HT和BT之间的相似性与BT和HT之间的差异是定量而非定性的这一观点一致。
